Increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and treatment response in major depressive disorder

Over the last 15 years, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a causal relationship between depression and the immunological activation and hypersecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). However, little is known...

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Published in:	Psychopharmacologia Vol. 170; no. 4; pp. 429 - 433
Main Authors:	TUGLU, Cengiz, KARA, S. Hakan, CALIYURT, Okan, VARDAR, Erdal, ABAY, Ercan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin Springer 01-12-2003 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Antidepressants Biological and medical sciences Blood Sedimentation C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Case-Control Studies Cytokines Depression Depressive Disorder - blood Depressive Disorder - classification Depressive Disorder - drug therapy Female Humans Immune system Immunology Interferon Leukocyte Count Leukocytes Male Medical sciences Mental depression Mental disorders Mood disorders Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use Severity of Illness Index Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Mood disorder Human Biological fluid Psychotropic Treatment efficiency Cytokine Depression Chemotherapy Treatment Antidepressant agent Serum Severe Tumor necrosis factor α
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Summary:	Over the last 15 years, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a causal relationship between depression and the immunological activation and hypersecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). However, little is known about the probable relationship of serum TNF-alpha with major depressive disorder (MDD). To assess whether serum TNF-alpha levels could be associated with the clinical course of MDD. TNF-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum concentrations, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocyte count were measured in 26 MDD patients and in 17 controls. The measurements were repeated following 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Psychopathological improvement and the severity of depression were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). On admission, serum TNF-alpha and leukocyte count were significantly higher in MDD patients compared to controls ( P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). With the antidepressant treatment, both HAMD and BDI scores decreased significantly (P<0.001 for both). Comparison of pre- and post-treatment measurements revealed that TNF-alpha, CRP, and leukocyte count decreased to levels comparable with those of the control subjects ( P<0.001, P=0.01, and P=0.01, respectively). The results emphasized that some immunological parameters, such as CRP, leukocyte count and TNF-alpha, are significantly involved in the clinical course and treatment response in MDD. TNF-alpha in particular could be considered as a potential state marker in MDD.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0033-3158 1432-2072
DOI:	10.1007/s00213-003-1566-z