African pouched rats for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in sputum samples

SETTING: Resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan African countries.OBJECTIVE: To utilise African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in human sputum.DESIGN: A specially designed cage with 10 sniffing holes and cassette-carrier was used. The sputum sample...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease Vol. 13; no. 6; pp. 737 - 743
Main Authors:	WEETJENS, B. J, MGODE, G. F, KAHWA, A, MWESSONGO, J, MAKINGI, G, MFAUME, S, VAN STEENBERGE, J, BEYENE, N. W, BILLET, M, VERHAGEN, R, MACHANG'U, R. S, KAZWALA, R, MFINANGA, G, LWILLA, F, COX, C, JUBITANA, M, KANYAGHA, H, MTANDU, R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Paris, France IUATLD 01-06-2009 International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Subjects:	Animals Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system Biological and medical sciences Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures Human bacterial diseases Humans Infectious diseases Medical sciences Mycobacterium Olfaction Pneumology Pulmonary Tuberculosis Respiratory system : syndromes and miscellaneous diseases Sensitivity and Specificity Single-Blind Method Smell Sniffer Rats Sputum Tb Diagnosis Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - diagnosis Rat Mycobacterial infection sniffer rats Bacteria Diagnosis Pneumology Lung disease Mycobacterium Respiratory disease Sample Rodentia Pulmonary tuberculosis African Infection Vertebrata Mammalia Mycobacteriales Animal Sputum Olfaction Bacteriosis Mycobacteriaceae TB diagnosis Actinomycetes Detection
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Summary:	SETTING: Resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan African countries.OBJECTIVE: To utilise African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in human sputum.DESIGN: A specially designed cage with 10 sniffing holes and cassette-carrier was used. The sputum samples were put in the sample cassette, containing 10 samples in line, placed under matching sniffing holes. Rats were trained to sniff each consecutive sample, and indicate TB positives by fixing their nose for 5 seconds at the sniffing hole. This behaviour was maintained by food reinforcement upon correct indications. A total of 3416 samples were used.RESULTS: Of the 20 trained rats, 18 were able to discriminate positive from negative sputum samples, with average daily sensitivities ranging from 72% to 100%, and average daily false-positives ranging from 0.7% to 8.1%. The use of multiple rats significantly increased sensitivity and negative predictive value.CONCLUSION: Utilising trained sniffer rats for TB detection is a potentially faster screening method and is at least as sensitive as smear microscopy. This method could therefore be suitable for active case finding, especially where large numbers of samples are to be analysed in resource-limited settings, to complement existing diagnostic techniques.
Bibliography:	1027-3719(20090601)13:6L.737;1- (R) Medicine - General ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1027-3719 1815-7920