Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome

Industrialization has impacted the human gut ecosystem, resulting in altered microbiome composition and diversity. Whether bacterial genomes may also adapt to the industrialization of their host populations remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the extent to which the rates and targets of...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Cell Vol. 184; no. 8; pp. 2053 - 2067.e18
Main Authors:	Groussin, Mathieu, Poyet, Mathilde, Sistiaga, Ainara, Kearney, Sean M., Moniz, Katya, Noel, Mary, Hooker, Jeff, Gibbons, Sean M., Segurel, Laure, Froment, Alain, Mohamed, Rihlat Said, Fezeu, Alain, Juimo, Vanessa A., Lafosse, Sophie, Tabe, Francis E., Girard, Catherine, Iqaluk, Deborah, Nguyen, Le Thanh Tu, Shapiro, B. Jesse, Lehtimäki, Jenni, Ruokolainen, Lasse, Kettunen, Pinja P., Vatanen, Tommi, Sigwazi, Shani, Mabulla, Audax, Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel, Nartey, Yvonne A., Agyei-Nkansah, Adwoa, Duah, Amoako, Awuku, Yaw A., Valles, Kenneth A., Asibey, Shadrack O., Afihene, Mary Y., Roberts, Lewis R., Plymoth, Amelie, Onyekwere, Charles A., Summons, Roger E., Xavier, Ramnik J., Alm, Eric J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 15-04-2021 Elsevier
Subjects:	antimicrobial resistance bacterial genomics culturomics horizontal gene transfer host-microbe interactions human gut microbiome industrialization Life Sciences lifestyle Medicin och hälsovetenskap urbanization virulence bacterial genomics virulence antimicrobial resistance host-microbe interactions urbanization horizontal gene transfer culturomics human gut microbiome industrialization lifestyle
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	Industrialization has impacted the human gut ecosystem, resulting in altered microbiome composition and diversity. Whether bacterial genomes may also adapt to the industrialization of their host populations remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the extent to which the rates and targets of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) vary across thousands of bacterial strains from 15 human populations spanning a range of industrialization. We show that HGTs have accumulated in the microbiome over recent host generations and that HGT occurs at high frequency within individuals. Comparison across human populations reveals that industrialized lifestyles are associated with higher HGT rates and that the functions of HGTs are related to the level of host industrialization. Our results suggest that gut bacteria continuously acquire new functionality based on host lifestyle and that high rates of HGT may be a recent development in human history linked to industrialization. [Display omitted] •Thousands of gut bacterial genomes from worldwide human populations were sequenced•HGT occurs at high frequency in the gut microbiome of individual persons•HGT occurs more frequently in the microbiome of industrialized and urban populations•Transferred gene functions in the microbiome reflect the lifestyle of the host A worldwide microbiome analysis from 15 populations along the industrialization gradient reveals that horizontal gene transfer occurs on short timescales and that microbiomes continuously acquire new functionality based on host lifestyle.
ISSN:	0092-8674 1097-4172 1097-4172
DOI:	10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052