Effects of pharmaceuticals compounds and calcium on granulation, microbiology, and performance of anaerobic granular sludge systems

Effects of pharmaceuticals compounds and calcium on granulation, microbiology, and performance of anaerobic granular sludge systems

Granular sludge is a promising biotechnology to treat sewage contaminated with pharmaceuticals due to its increased toxicity resistance. In this context, this study evaluated the potential of Ca as a granulation precursor and how pharmaceutical compounds (loratadine, prednisone, fluconazole, fenofib...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology Vol. 85; no. 11; pp. 3184 - 3195
Main Authors: Faria, Clara V, Costa, Flávia C R, Jorge, Alexandre E L, Melo, Ana Luísa P, Silva, Ubiana C M, Santos, Vera L, Amaral, Míriam C S, Fonseca, Fabiana V
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England IWA Publishing 01-06-2022
Subjects:
17β-Estradiol
Alkalinity
Bacteria
Bioreactors
Biotechnology
Calcium
calcium chloride
Calcium compounds
Calcium ions
Dosage
Drugs
Effluents
Ethinylestradiol
Fatty acids
Fenofibrate
Fluconazole
Granular materials
granular sludge
Granulation
metagenomic sequencing
Methods
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Nonparametric statistics
Organic matter
Particle size
Pharmaceuticals
Precursors
Prednisone
Reactors
rRNA 16S
Sewage
Sex hormones
Sludge
synthetic sewage
Toxicity
Volatile fatty acids
Wastewater treatment
Water treatment
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Summary:Granular sludge is a promising biotechnology to treat sewage contaminated with pharmaceuticals due to its increased toxicity resistance. In this context, this study evaluated the potential of Ca as a granulation precursor and how pharmaceutical compounds (loratadine, prednisone, fluconazole, fenofibrate, betamethasone, 17α-ethinyl estradiol, and ketoprofen) affect granulation. Continuous and intermittent dosages of Ca in the presence and absence of pharmaceuticals were evaluated. The results showed that intermittent addition of Ca reduces the time for anaerobic sludge granulation, and pharmaceuticals presence did not impair granulation. 10% of the granules presented mean diameters greater than 2.11 mm within 93 days with intermittent Ca dosage in the pharmaceuticals' presence. In contrast, no granules higher than 2.0 mm were observed with no precursor addition. The pharmaceuticals' toxicity may have created a stress condition for the microbial community, contributing to more EPS production and a greater potential for granulation. It was also verified that pharmaceuticals' presence did not decrease organic matter, total alkalinity, and volatile fatty acids removals. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed taxa resistance to recalcitrant compounds when pharmaceuticals were added. Besides, the efficiency of a granular sludge bioreactor (EGSB) was evaluated for pharmaceuticals removal, and betamethasone, fenofibrate, and prednisone were effectively removed.
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content type line 23
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2022.176