Mycoplasma bovis outbreak in New Zealand cattle: An assessment of transmission trends using surveillance data

Mycoplasma bovis outbreak in New Zealand cattle: An assessment of transmission trends using surveillance data

Mycoplasma bovis most likely infected New Zealand cattle in the latter half of 2015. Infection was detected in mid‐2017 after which control activities were implemented. An official eradication programme commenced in mid‐2018, which is ongoing. We examined farm‐level tracing and surveillance data to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transboundary and emerging diseases Vol. 68; no. 6; pp. 3381 - 3395
Main Authors: Jordan, AshleyG, Sadler, Rohan J., Sawford, Kate, Andel, Mary, Ward, Michael, Cowled, BrendanD
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Germany Hindawi Limited 01-11-2021
Subjects:
Cattle
disease control
Empirical analysis
Farms
Growth models
Infections
Mathematical models
modelling
Motion perception
Mycoplasma bovis
outbreak response
Outbreaks
Surveillance
transmission trends
Trends
New Zealand
disease control
transmission trends
outbreak response
Mycoplasma bovis
modelling
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Summary:Mycoplasma bovis most likely infected New Zealand cattle in the latter half of 2015. Infection was detected in mid‐2017 after which control activities were implemented. An official eradication programme commenced in mid‐2018, which is ongoing. We examined farm‐level tracing and surveillance data to describe the outbreak, analyse transmission trends and make inference on progress towards eradication. Results indicate that cattle movements were the primary means of spread. Although case farms were distributed throughout both islands of New Zealand, most animal movements off infected farms did not result in newly infected farms, indicating Mycoplasma bovis is not highly transmissible between farms. To describe and analyse outbreak trends, we undertook a standard descriptive outbreak investigation, including construction of an epidemic curve and calculation of estimated dissemination ratios. We then employed three empirical models—a non‐linear growth model, time series model and branching process model based on time‐varying effective reproduction numbers—to further analyse transmission trends and provide short‐term forecasts of farm‐level incidence. Our analyses suggest that Mycoplasma bovis transmission in New Zealand has declined and progress towards eradication has been made. Few incident cases were forecast for the period between 8 September and 17 December 2019. To date, no case farms with an estimated infection date assigned to this period have been detected; however, case detection is ongoing, and these results need to be interpreted cautiously considering model validation and other important contextual information on performance of the eradication programme, such as the time between infection, detection and implementation of movement controls on case farms.
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ISSN:1865-1674
1865-1682
DOI:10.1111/tbed.13941