Progesterone and 17-hydroxy-progesterone concentrations in follicular fluid and serum reflect their production in granulosa and theca cells

How is the production of progesterone (P4) and 17-hydroxy-P4 (17-OH-P4) regulated between theca cells and granulosa cells during the follicular phase, during ovulation and after transformation into a corpus luteum? Three cohorts were examined: (i) 31 women undergoing natural and stimulated cycles, w...

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Published in:	Reproductive biomedicine online Vol. 49; no. 2; p. 103853
Main Authors:	Zheng, M., Poulsen, L.C., Wang, N.F., Mamsen, L.S., Johannsen, M.L., Styrishave, B., Grøndahl, M.L., Løssl, K., Englund, A.L.M., Skouby, S.O., Andersen, C.Y.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2024
Subjects:	17-OH-progesterone Granulosa cells Human ovarian steroidogenesis Ovarian stimulation Progesterone Theca cells Granulosa cells 17-OH-progesterone Ovarian stimulation Human ovarian steroidogenesis Progesterone Theca cells
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Summary:	How is the production of progesterone (P4) and 17-hydroxy-P4 (17-OH-P4) regulated between theca cells and granulosa cells during the follicular phase, during ovulation and after transformation into a corpus luteum? Three cohorts were examined: (i) 31 women undergoing natural and stimulated cycles, with serum hormone measurements taken every 3 days; (ii) 50 women undergoing ovarian stimulation, with hormone concentrations in serum and follicular fluid assessed at five time points during final follicle maturation; and (iii) 12 women undergoing fertility preservation, with hormone concentrations evaluated via the follicular fluid of small antral follicles. In the early follicular phase, theca cells primarily synthesized 17-OH-P4 while granulosa cells produced limited P4, maintaining the P4:17-OH-P4 ratio <1. As follicles reached follicle selection at a diameter of approximately 10 mm, P4 synthesis in granulosa cells was up-regulated, but P4 was mainly accumulated in follicular fluid. During final maturation, enhanced activity of the enzyme HSD3B2 in granulosa cells enhanced P4 production, with the P4:17-OH-P4 ratio increasing to >1. The concentration of 17-OH-P4 in the luteal phase was similar to that in the follicular phase, but P4 production increased in the luteal phase, yielding a P4:17-OH-P4 ratio significantly >1. The P4:17-OH-P4 ratio reflects the activity of granulosa cells and theca cells during the follicular phase and following luteinization in the corpus luteum. Managing the function of granulosa cells is key for reducing the concentration of P4 during ovarian stimulation, but the concerted action of FSH and LH on granulosa cells during the second half of the follicular phase makes this complex.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1472-6483 1472-6491 1472-6491
DOI:	10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103853