Molecular characterization of Giardia lamblia and risk factors for giardiasis among immunocompromised patients in southern Brazil

Molecular characterization of Giardia lamblia and risk factors for giardiasis among immunocompromised patients in southern Brazil

Acute Giardia infections often cause diarrhea and stomach upset. Chronic infections can lead to malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, malabsorption and weight loss. This study assessed the prevalence of G. lambia infection and assessed associated risk factors among immunocompomised patients unde...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brazilian journal of biology Vol. 82; pp. e265055 - 8
Main Authors: Jeske, S T, Macedo, M R P, Bianchi, T, Leon, Í F, Pinheiro, N B, Borsuk, S, Villela, M
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Brazil Instituto Internacional de Ecologia 2022
Subjects:
Amplification
BIOLOGY
Centrifugation
Cultivars
Cysts
Dehydrogenases
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diarrhea
DNA
Epidemiology
Ethics
Flotation
Gene sequencing
Genes
Genetic testing
Giardia
Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Immunocompromised hosts
Infections
Malabsorption
Malnutrition
Microscopy
Nucleotide sequence
Parasites
Patients
Pets
Questionnaires
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Sewage treatment
Socioeconomic factors
Wastewater treatment
Weight loss
Brazil
giardíase
gene da glutamato desidrogenase
risk factors
giardiasis
glutamate dehydrogenase gene
imunossupressão
genetic characterization
immunosuppression
caracterização genética
fatores de risco
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Summary:Acute Giardia infections often cause diarrhea and stomach upset. Chronic infections can lead to malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, malabsorption and weight loss. This study assessed the prevalence of G. lambia infection and assessed associated risk factors among immunocompomised patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment in southern Brazil. A total of 110 immunocompromised patients in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, consented to participate in this study and were recruited. Socioeconomic and epidemiological profile of patients was collected by questionnaire. The prevalence for Giardia were determined through microscopy by the centrifugation-flotation technique using stool samples of every patient. In addition, the genetic characterization of the parasite was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene. By microscopy, the prevalence of giardiasis was 17.3% (19/110). Furthermore, the DNA sequences revealed that 7 (36.8%) out of 19 isolates belonged to assemblage B, while 6 of them (31.6%) belonged to assemblage C, 5 (26.3%) to assemblage A and 1 (5.3%) to assemblage D. Risk factors (p ≤ 0.05) for giardiasis were schooling level (OR=8.0 (1.02 - 62.91) sharing a house with more than three people (OR=14.1 (3.77 - 52.51), water sources (OR=38.9 (10.4 - 145.7), sewage treatment (OR=14.2 (3.1 - 65.5), waste destination (OR=7.44 (2.0 - 27.3), owning pets (OR=4.6 (1.0 - 21.2) and cultivating a vegetable garden (OR=4.2 (1.3 - 13.6). The prevalence of G. lamblia in immunocompromised patients was considered elevate with the identification of four assemblage of the parasite (A, B, C and D).
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ISSN:1519-6984
1678-4375
1678-4375
DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.265055