Greenhouse gases utilization: A review

•High dependency on fossil fuel as main energy source brings excessive CO2 emission.•CO2 and CH4 utilization is one of the solutions to mitigate climate change.•Alternative energy technology has potential in meeting the increasing energy demand.•Four main technologies that used to mitigateclimate ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Fuel (Guildford) Vol. 301; p. 121017
Main Authors:	Jeffry, Luqman, Ong, Mei Yin, Nomanbhay, Saifuddin, Mofijur, M., Mubashir, Muhammad, Show, Pau Loke
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2021 Elsevier BV
Subjects:	Advanced catalyst system Air pollution Burning Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) Carbon dioxide Catalysts Chemical reduction Climate change Climate change mitigation Electrochemical reduction Electrochemistry Emissions control Energy Fossil fuels Global warming Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Methane Methane utilization Photocatalytic reduction Plasma technology Pollution effects Population growth Renewable energy Synthesis gas Utilization Plasma technology Photocatalytic reduction Advanced catalyst system Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) Methane utilization Electrochemical reduction Climate change mitigation
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Summary:	•High dependency on fossil fuel as main energy source brings excessive CO2 emission.•CO2 and CH4 utilization is one of the solutions to mitigate climate change.•Alternative energy technology has potential in meeting the increasing energy demand.•Four main technologies that used to mitigateclimate change is reviewed.•Their mechanism, limitations, and suggestions for up-scaling purpose are highlighted. The excessive global emission of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide, CO2 and methane, CH4), especially due to the burning of fossil fuel for energy and power generation, is the main cause to the air pollution and greenhouse effect. This has eventually brought many issues, such as climate change and global warming, that will affect the standard life of human beings. Many strategies have been proposed to further reduce the excessive emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2 and CH4 utilization. This method not only reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, but also producing renewable energy (syngas) at the same time. Hence, CO2 and CH4 utilization is also a promising approach to assist in overcoming the energy crisis due to the increasing population in time. Basically, the utilization of CO2 and CH4 system can be categorized into four: (i) electrochemical reduction, (ii) advanced catalyst system, (iii) photocatalytic reduction, and (iv) plasma technology. In this review paper, the mechanism implemented on the four abovementioned categories and their respective limitations are presented. Besides, future recommendations to optimize the greenhouse gases utilization system for up-scaling purpose is also highlighted.
ISSN:	0016-2361 1873-7153
DOI:	10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121017