Echovirus 4 and type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Aims/hypothesis: To determine the association between exposure to enteroviruses and Type I diabetes. Methods: We measured neutralizing antibodies to the following enteroviruses: Coxsackievirus CA9, CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, CB5, CB6, and Echovirus E4, E6, E9, El 1 in the sera of (1) Type I diabetic patien...

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Published in:	Autoimmunity (Chur, Switzerland) Vol. 34; no. 4; pp. 275 - 281
Main Authors:	Oscardíaz-Horta, Maritebello, Eduardocabrera-Rode, Javiersuárezi, Pedromas, García, Igrid, Abalos, Ivonne, Jofrat, Raisa, Molina, Gisela, Díaz-díaz, Oscar, Dimario, Umberto
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Abingdon Informa UK Ltd 2001 Taylor & Francis Taylor and Francis
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral - blood Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - virology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies enterovirus Enterovirus B, Human - isolation & purification environmental factors Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Female HLA HLA-DR Antigens - genetics Humans Infant islet cell antibodies Male Medical sciences neutralizing antibodies Type I diabetes Endocrinopathy Autoimmunity Human Immunopathology HLA-System Picornaviridae Pathogenesis Major histocompatibility system Class II histocompatibility antigen Autoimmune disease Enterovirus Serology Echovirus 4 Infection Virus Echovirus Viral disease Risk factor Insulin dependent diabetes Environment
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Summary:	Aims/hypothesis: To determine the association between exposure to enteroviruses and Type I diabetes. Methods: We measured neutralizing antibodies to the following enteroviruses: Coxsackievirus CA9, CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, CB5, CB6, and Echovirus E4, E6, E9, El 1 in the sera of (1) Type I diabetic patients at diagnosis (n = 33), (2) healthy offspring of parents with Type I diabetes without islet cell antibodies (ICA) (n = 43) and (3) normal controls (n = 57). All subjects were less than 20 years old. We performed the neutralization test determining the cytopathogenic effect on Vero cells. HLA DR serotyping was also performed in Group 2. Results: Type I diabetic patients showed a higher frequency (21.2%, p < 0.01) of neutralizing antibodies to E4 in relation to controls (1.8%), although there were no differences comparing with offspring of Type 1 diabetic patients (20.9%). Healthy offspring carrying Type I diabetes HLA DR susceptibility genes were also exposed to E4 (15.0%). High frequencies of neutralizing antibodies to most enteroviruses were found in the control group. Conclusion: This study shows the association between Type I diabetes and the presence of neutralizing antibodies to Echovirus 4, suggesting the possible participation of this virus as an environmental trigger of this autoimmune disease. Interestingly, our population displays high frequencies of exposure to enterovirus (including CB4) although the incidence for Type 1 diabetes is low (2.9 per 100,000 inhabitants).
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0891-6934 1607-842X
DOI:	10.3109/08916930109014696