Multiple growth of garnet, sillimanite/kyanite and monazite during amphibolite facies metamorphism: implications for the P-T-t and tectonic evolution of the western Altai Range, Mongolia
Four amphibolite facies pelitic gneisses from the western Mongolian Altai Range exhibit multistage aluminosilicate formation and various chemical‐zoning patterns in garnet. Two of them contain kyanite in the matrix and sillimanite inclusions in garnet, and the others have kyanite inclusions in garne...
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| Published in: | Journal of metamorphic geology Vol. 33; no. 9; pp. 937 - 958 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01-12-2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Four amphibolite facies pelitic gneisses from the western Mongolian Altai Range exhibit multistage aluminosilicate formation and various chemical‐zoning patterns in garnet. Two of them contain kyanite in the matrix and sillimanite inclusions in garnet, and the others have kyanite inclusions in garnet with sillimanite or kyanite in the matrix. The Ca‐zoning patterns of the garnet are different in each rock type. U–Th–Pb monazite geochronology revealed that all rock units experienced a c. 360 Ma event, and three of them were also affected by a c. 260 Ma event. The variations in the microstructures and garnet‐zoning profiles are caused by the differences in the (i) whole‐rock chemistry, (ii) pressure conditions during garnet growth at c. 360 Ma and (iii) equilibrium temperatures at c. 260 Ma. The garnet with sillimanite inclusions records an increase in pressure at low‐P (~5.2–7.2 kbar) and moderate temperature conditions (~620–660 °C) at c. 360 Ma. The garnet with kyanite inclusions in the other rock types was also formed during an increase in pressure but at higher pressure conditions (~7.0–8.9 kbar at ~600–640 °C). The detrital zircon provenance of all the rock types is similar and is consistent with that from the sedimentary rocks in the Altai Range, suggesting that the provenance of all the rock types was a surrounding accretionary wedge. One possible scenario for the different thermal gradient is Devonian ridge subduction beneath the Altai Range, as proposed by several researchers. The subducting ridge could have supplied heat to the accretionary wedge and elevated the geotherm at c. 360 Ma. The differences in the thermal gradients that resulted in varying prograde P–T paths might be due to variations in the thermal regimes in the upper plate that were generated by the subducting ridge. The c. 260 Ma event is characterized by a relatively high‐T/P gradient (~25 °C km−1) and may be due to collision‐related granitic activity and re‐equilibrium at middle crustal depths, which caused the variations in the aluminosilicates in the matrix between the rock units. |
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| Bibliography: | Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan - No. 22244063; No. 21253008; No. 15K05345 ark:/67375/WNG-CKVNKB7L-5 Figure S1. Compositional profiles for garnet. Figure S2. Variation diagrams for biotite and plagioclase. Figure S3. Raman spectroscopic mapping of 311 and 486 cm−1 for aluminosilicates included in garnet from the garnet-kyanite-biotite gneiss. Table S1. Representative garnet EMP analyses. Table S2. Representative EMP biotite analyses. Table S3. Representative staurolite EMP analyses. Table S4. Representative chlorite EMP analyses. Table S5. Representative muscovite EMP analyses. Table S6. Representative plagioclase EMP analyses. Table S7. Representative cordierite EMP analyses. Table S8. Solution notation, formulae and model sources for phase diagram calculation. Table S9. U-Th-Pb analyses for monazite. Table S10. LA-ICP-MS analyses for zircon. istex:75497D15277224BB3B4D9B65994699169E2CE834 ArticleID:JMG12154 |
| ISSN: | 0263-4929 1525-1314 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/jmg.12154 |