Short communication: High prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among newly HIV type 1 diagnosed adults in Mombasa, Kenya

Abstract In view of the recent antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up in Kenya, surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance (TDR) is important. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among newly HIV-1 diagnosed, antiretroviral-naive adults in Mombasa, Kenya. Surveillance drug resistance mutations...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	AIDS research and human retroviruses Vol. 28; no. 9; p. 1033
Main Authors:	Sigaloff, Kim C E, Mandaliya, Kishor, Hamers, Raph L, Otieno, Francis, Jao, Irene M, Lyagoba, Frederick, Magambo, Brian, Kapaata, Anne, Ndembi, Nicaise, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01-09-2012
Subjects:	Adult Amino Acid Sequence Anti-HIV Agents - pharmacology Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics Female Genotype Health Services Accessibility HIV Seropositivity - drug therapy HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology HIV Seropositivity - genetics HIV-1 - drug effects HIV-1 - genetics Humans Kenya - epidemiology Male Molecular Sequence Data Mutation - genetics Population Surveillance Prevalence RNA, Viral - drug effects Kenya
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Summary:	Abstract In view of the recent antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up in Kenya, surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance (TDR) is important. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among newly HIV-1 diagnosed, antiretroviral-naive adults in Mombasa, Kenya. Surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were identified according to the 2009 WHO list. HIV-1 subtypes were determined using REGA and SCUEAL subtyping tools. Genotypic test results were obtained for 68 of 81 participants, and SDRMs were identified in 9 samples. Resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (K103N) occurred in five participants, yielding a TDR prevalence of 7.4% (95% confidence interval 2.4-16.3%). Frequencies of HIV-1 subtypes were A (70.6%), C (5.9%), D (2.9%), and unique recombinant forms (20.6%). The TDR prevalence found in this survey is higher than previously reported in different regions in Kenya. These findings justify increased vigilance with respect to TDR surveillance in African regions where ART programs are scaled-up in order to inform treatment guidelines.
ISSN:	1931-8405
DOI:	10.1089/aid.2011.0348