Temporal TGF-β Supergene Family Signalling Cues Modulating Tissue Morphogenesis: Chondrogenesis within a Muscle Tissue Model?

Temporal translational signalling cues modulate all forms of tissue morphogenesis. However, if the rules to obtain specific tissues rely upon specific ligands to be active or inactive, does this mean we can engineer any tissue from another? The present study focused on the temporal effect of "m...

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Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 14; p. 4863
Main Authors:	Xiong, Fei, Hausdorf, Jörg, Niethammer, Thomas R, Jansson, Volkm Ar, Klar, Roland M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 09-07-2020 MDPI
Subjects:	Animals BMP-2 BMP-7 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - genetics Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 - genetics Cartilage Chondrogenesis Chondrogenesis - genetics Collagen Cues Extracellular matrix Gene expression Gene Expression - genetics Growth factors Kinases Male Mineralization Morphogenesis Morphogenesis - genetics Muscles Muscles - physiology Proteins Rats Rats, Inbred F344 Signal Transduction - genetics Signal Transduction - physiology Stem cells temporal modulation TGF-β3 Tissue engineering tissue morphogenesis Transforming Growth Factor beta3 - genetics Transforming growth factor-b1 Variance analysis tissue morphogenesis BMP-7 TGF-β3 chondrogenesis morphogen combinations BMP-2 muscle tissue temporal modulation
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Summary:	Temporal translational signalling cues modulate all forms of tissue morphogenesis. However, if the rules to obtain specific tissues rely upon specific ligands to be active or inactive, does this mean we can engineer any tissue from another? The present study focused on the temporal effect of "multiple" morphogen interactions on muscle tissue to figure out if chondrogenesis could be induced, opening up the way for new tissue models or therapies. Gene expression and histomorphometrical analysis of muscle tissue exposed to rat bone morphogenic protein 2 (rBMP-2), rat transforming growth factor beta 3 (rTGF-β , and/or rBMP-7, including different combinations applied briefly for 48 h or continuously for 30 days, revealed that a continuous rBMP-2 stimulation seems to be critical to initiate a chondrogenesis response that was limited to the first seven days of culture, but only in the absence of rBMP-7 and/or rTGF-β . After day 7, unknown modulatory effects retard rBMP-2s' effect where only through the paired-up addition of rBMP-7 and/or rTGF-β a chondrogenesis-like reaction seemed to be maintained. This new tissue model, whilst still very crude in its design, is a world-first attempt to better understand how multiple morphogens affect tissue morphogenesis with time, with our goal being to one day predict the chronological order of what signals have to be applied, when, for how long, and with which other signals to induce and maintain a desired tissue morphogenesis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms21144863