On the ecosystemic network of saliva in healthy young adults

A dysbiotic state is believed to be a key factor in the onset of oral disease. Although oral diseases have been studied for decades, our understanding of oral health, the boundaries of a healthy oral ecosystem and ecological shift toward dysbiosis is still limited. Here, we present the ecobiological...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The ISME Journal Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 1218 - 1231
Main Authors:	Zaura, Egija, Brandt, Bernd W, Prodan, Andrei, Teixeira de Mattos, Maarten Joost, Imangaliyev, Sultan, Kool, Jolanda, Buijs, Mark J, Jagers, Ferry LPW, Hennequin-Hoenderdos, Nienke L, Slot, Dagmar E, Nicu, Elena A, Lagerweij, Maxim D, Janus, Marleen M, Fernandez-Gutierrez, Marcela M, Levin, Evgeni, Krom, Bastiaan P, Brand, Henk S, Veerman, Enno CI, Kleerebezem, Michiel, Loos, Bruno G, van der Weijden, G A, Crielaard, Wim, Keijser, Bart JF
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-05-2017 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/45/320 Adolescent Adult Amino acids Bacteria - classification Bacteria - isolation & purification Biomedical and Life Sciences Cross-Sectional Studies Degradation products Dysbiosis Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystems Ecotypes Evolutionary Biology Female Fermentation Gender Health risks Heterogeneity Host Microbe Interactomics Humans Leerstoelgroep Host Microbe Interactomics Life Sciences Male Metabolome Microbial Ecology Microbial Genetics and Genomics Microbiology Microbiota Original original-article Prevotella Saliva - metabolism Saliva - microbiology Streptococcus Veillonella VLAG WIAS Young Adult Young adults
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	A dysbiotic state is believed to be a key factor in the onset of oral disease. Although oral diseases have been studied for decades, our understanding of oral health, the boundaries of a healthy oral ecosystem and ecological shift toward dysbiosis is still limited. Here, we present the ecobiological heterogeneity of the salivary ecosystem and relations between the salivary microbiome, salivary metabolome and host-related biochemical salivary parameters in 268 healthy adults after overnight fasting. Gender-specific differences in the microbiome and metabolome were observed and were associated with salivary pH and dietary protein intake. Our analysis grouped the individuals into five microbiome and four metabolome-based clusters that significantly related to biochemical parameters of saliva. Low salivary pH and high lysozyme activity were associated with high proportions of streptococcal phylotypes and increased membrane-lipid degradation products. Samples with high salivary pH displayed increased chitinase activity, higher abundance of Veillonella and Prevotella species and higher levels of amino acid fermentation products, suggesting proteolytic adaptation. An over-specialization toward either a proteolytic or a saccharolytic ecotype may indicate a shift toward a dysbiotic state. Their prognostic value and the degree to which these ecotypes are related to increased disease risk remains to be determined.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Undefined-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1751-7362 1751-7370
DOI:	10.1038/ismej.2016.199