Rapid detection of bromatological and chemical biomarkers of clones tolerant to eucalyptus physiological disorder
•There are chemical properties of bark and wood samples that could be associated with EPD scores.•There is a significant correlation of sample electrical conductivity and EPD scores.•pH of bark and wood samples effectively differentiated EPD resistant clones;. Despite favorable adaptations to soil a...
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| Published in: | South African journal of botany Vol. 175; pp. 684 - 695 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier B.V
01-12-2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | •There are chemical properties of bark and wood samples that could be associated with EPD scores.•There is a significant correlation of sample electrical conductivity and EPD scores.•pH of bark and wood samples effectively differentiated EPD resistant clones;.
Despite favorable adaptations to soil and climate conditions in Brazil, eucalyptus cultivation faces challenges, such as physiological disorders linked to abiotic stresses. Symptomatology of the disorder involves lesions, swelling, and cracking of the bark and branches, increased sprouting, leaf abscission, and even plant death. Commercial eucalyptus clones were selected based on their response to and the occurrence of eucalyptus physiological disorder (EPD) under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of 30 clones, from which nine genotypes were selected based on divergent phenotypes. Three trees per clone were sampled along the stem at the diameter at breast height (DBH) and 50 % and 75 % of the commercial height. Historical data on clone behavior and EPD scores assigned to the sampled trees were used as references for the comparison of chemical variables. The concentrations of soluble carbohydrates (total, reducing, and non-reducing), starches, phenolics, total amino acids, caffeic acid, quercetin, and gallic acid were estimated in the bark and wood samples. The analyses were conducted using compound samples processed for nutritional evaluation, aiming for ease and speed of obtaining the results. The methodologies used for quantifying the compounds were enzymatic and colorimetric assays for carbohydrates, colorimetric assays for phenolics and total amino acids, and laboratory techniques, such as pH measurement, electrical conductivity, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for phenolics. The aim of these methods were to efficiently obtain data from sampled trees. Certain chemical properties of both bark and wood are associated with tolerant EPD phenotypes. Starch (1.81–6.84 g 100 g−1), total phenolics (1.18–5.77 g 100 g−1) and amino acids (0.95–1.33 mmol kg−1), concentration did not separate the tolerant from the susceptible genotypes. The same was observed for total phenolics (1.78–3.09 g 100 g−1), amino acids concentration (1.13–1.40 mmol kg−1), and electrical conductivity (7.73–12.24 µS cm−1) in bark, despite both bark and wood samples exhibited significant differences among the tested genotypes. Significant correlations of electrical conductivity (ECB = 0.57), pH (PHB = −0.80), total amino acids (AB = 0.60), and quercetin (QEB = −0.47) in bark, and pH (PHW = −0.78), total amino acids (AW = 0.44), and gallic acid (GAW = −0.55) in wood samples, indicate their importance in the plants' response to triggers associated with the disorder, here considered as the expected phenotype score (FDE). Significant differences were observed between the pH of the solution or filtrate from bark and wood samples, from 4.4 to 6.3 in the susceptible, and from 5.0 to 7.2 in the tolerant clones, suggesting a potential role in distinguishing clones with varying EPD scores. |
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| ISSN: | 0254-6299 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.052 |