Remapping of the somatosensory cortex after a photothrombotic stroke: dynamics of the compensatory reorganization

Abstract Although stroke can affect cerebral structure and function, the brain has a potential for plasticity thanks to which some degree of function can be restored. The pathways of such recovery are of great interest, since the dynamics of rewiring of the injured brain may become the basis for des...

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Published in:	Neuroscience Vol. 165; no. 1; pp. 90 - 100
Main Authors:	Jablonka, J.A, Burnat, K, Witte, O.W, Kossut, M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier Ltd 13-01-2010 Elsevier
Subjects:	[14C]2-deoxyglucose Animals Autoradiography barrel cortex Behavior, Animal Biological and medical sciences Carbon Radioisotopes cortical plasticity Deoxyglucose - metabolism Fluorescent Dyes functional recovery Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ischemia Light Male Medical sciences Neurology Neuronal Plasticity Radiopharmaceuticals - metabolism rat Rats Rats, Wistar Rose Bengal Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors Stroke - etiology Stroke - physiopathology Stroke - psychology Time Factors Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Vibrissae - physiology LL lower lip BF M1 DPS prefrontal cortex HP FP local optical density days poststroke no whisker stimulation barrel cortex auditory cortex Au hind paw representation area OD UL functional recovery LOD cortical plasticity upper lip motor cortex rat anterior whiskers representation front paw CO days poststroke pFC ischemia DPS-No SII cytochrome oxidase staining secondary somatosensory cortex 2DG AW barrel field 14C, 2-deoxyglucose optical density [ 14C]2-deoxyglucose [14C]2-deoxyglucose Nervous system diseases Stroke Rat Rodentia Central nervous system Cardiovascular disease Encephalon Cerebral disorder Vascular disease Somatosensory cortex Vertebrata Mammalia Functional recovery Somesthetic pathway Animal C]2-deoxyglucose Central nervous system disease Plasticity [ Cerebrovascular disease
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Summary:	Abstract Although stroke can affect cerebral structure and function, the brain has a potential for plasticity thanks to which some degree of function can be restored. The pathways of such recovery are of great interest, since the dynamics of rewiring of the injured brain may become the basis for designing appropriate strategies of rehabilitation. We investigated the spontaneous plasticity of cortical somatosensory representations following a focal unilateral stroke in the barrel cortex of rats. Ischemic lesions were produced with the photothrombotic technique in the cortical representation of vibrissae. Functional activation of the brain in response to the stimulation of vibrissae with destroyed cortical representation was monitored through the 2 months post-stroke survival period with [14 C] 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiographic brain mapping (1, 7, 28, 56 days after the stroke). 2DG uptake was measured on autoradiograms of tangential sections in several regions of somatosensory cortex and in motor, auditory and prefrontal cortex. Behavioral deficit was assessed by the gap-crossing test 3, 28, 56 days after the stroke. Changes in the activation pattern of the intact hemisphere and non-vibrissal somatosensory representations of the lesioned hemisphere evolved during the observation period. Full recovery of the behavioral function was reached 2 months after the stroke and at the same time, new foci of activation were observed in the lesioned hemisphere. At that time, hyperactivation of the somatosensory areas in the intact hemisphere subsided. The new activation foci located in representations of anterior vibrissae, front paw and hind paw were specific for the vibrissae stimulation and were most probably a new functional representation of the vibrissae. We demonstrated spatial and temporal remodeling of the brain induced by cortical stroke, leading to vicariation of function.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0306-4522 1873-7544
DOI:	10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.074