Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and promotes clearance of its colonization by modulation of phagocytes in vitro

Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and promotes clearance of its colonization by modulation of phagocytes in vitro

The nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of variety of infections including endocarditis, urinary tract, and recurrent root canal infections. Primary virulence factors of E. faecalis such as biofilm formation, gelatinase production and suppression of ho...

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Published in:Microbial pathogenesis Vol. 181; p. 106157
Main Authors: Akshaya, Balasubramanian Sennammal, Premraj, Kumar, Iswarya, Christian, Muthusamy, Suganthi, Ibrahim, Hairul-Islam Mohamed, Khalil, Hany Ezzat, Ashokkumar, Vaishnavi, Vickram, Sundaram, Senthil Kumar, Venugopal, Palanisamy, Senthilkumar, Thirugnanasambantham, Krishnaraj
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2023
Subjects:
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Biofilm
Biofilms
Cinnamaldehyde
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis - genetics
Gelatinases - metabolism
Gene expression
Macrophage
Macrophages - metabolism
Quorum sensing
Enterococcus faecalis
Biofilm
Cinnamaldehyde
Quorum sensing
Gene expression
Macrophage
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Summary:The nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of variety of infections including endocarditis, urinary tract, and recurrent root canal infections. Primary virulence factors of E. faecalis such as biofilm formation, gelatinase production and suppression of host innate immune response can severely harm host tissue. Thus, novel treatments are needed to prevent E. faecalis biofilm development and pathogenicity due to the worrisome rise in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics. The primary phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, has shown promising efficacy against a variety of infections. Here, we looked into how cinnamaldehyde affected the growth of biofilms, the activity of the enzyme gelatinase, and gene expression in E. faecalis. In addition, we looked at the influence of cinnamaldehyde on RAW264.7 macrophages' interaction with biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis in terms of intracellular bacterial clearance, NO generation, and macrophage migration in vitro. According to our research, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the biofilm formation potential of planktonic E. faecalis and gelatinase activity of the biofilm at non-lethal concentrations. The expression of the quorum sensing fsr locus and its downstream gene gelE in biofilms were also found to be significantly downregulated by cinnamaldehyde. Results also demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde treatment increased NO production, intracellular bacterial clearance, and migration of RAW264.7 macrophages in presence of both biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis. Overall these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde has the ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and modulate host innate immune response for better clearance of bacterial colonization. •Cinnamaldehyde inhibited biofilm formation E.faecalis.•Expression of genes involved in biofilm formation are affected by Cinnamaldehyde.•Cinnamaldehyde modulated macrophages in presence of E.faecalis.•CA improved phagocytosis and clearance of E.faecalis.
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content type line 23
ISSN:0882-4010
1096-1208
DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106157