Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia

Wastewater (WW) is considered a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may, thus, be important for their dissemination into the environment, especially in countries with poor WW treatment. To obtain an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistan...

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Published in:	Antibiotics (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 350
Main Authors:	Cirkovic, Ivana, Muller, Bruno H, Janjusevic, Ana, Mollon, Patrick, Istier, Valérie, Mirande-Meunier, Caroline, Brkic, Snezana
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 08-02-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Aminoglycosides Antibiotic resistance antibiotic-resistant bacteria Antibiotics Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antimicrobial agents Bacteria Bacterial pneumonia carbapenems Colistin DNA sequencing Drug resistance Drug resistance in microorganisms E coli Fosfomycin Gene sequencing Genes Genetic research Genomes Genomics Gram-negative bacteria Imipenem Infections Instrument industry Multidrug resistance Mutation Nucleotide sequencing Outlets Pathogens Pneumonia Public health Quinolones Rivers Sulfamethoxazole Tetracycline Tetracyclines Virulence Virulence (Microbiology) Wastewater Water quality Whole genome sequencing Denmark Serbia United States Europe wastewater carbapenems whole-genome sequencing colistin antibiotic-resistant bacteria
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Summary:	Wastewater (WW) is considered a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may, thus, be important for their dissemination into the environment, especially in countries with poor WW treatment. To obtain an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in WW of Belgrade, we investigated samples from the four main sewer outlets prior to effluent into international rivers, the Sava and the Danube. Thirty-four CR-GNB isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). AST revealed that all isolates were multidrug-resistant. WGS showed that they belonged to eight different species and 25 different sequence types (STs), seven of which were new. ST101 ( ) with novel plasmid p101_srb was the most frequent isolate, detected at nearly all the sampling sites. The most frequent resistance genes to aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and fosfomycin were (6')-Ib-cr (55.9%), A (32.3%), (47.1%), 1 (52.9%), (A) (23.5%) and A (50%), respectively. Acquired resistance to colistin via chromosomal-mediated mechanisms was detected in (mutations in and ) and (mutation in ), while a plasmid-mediated mechanism was confirmed in the complex ( gene). The highest number of virulence genes (>300) was recorded in isolates. Further research is needed to systematically track the occurrence and distribution of these bacteria so as to mitigate their threat.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2079-6382 2079-6382
DOI:	10.3390/antibiotics12020350