Environmental and economic benefits of CNG conversion on three-wheelers in a developing city, Khulna, Bangladesh

•Assessed the environmental benefits for CNG conversion in three wheelers.•Assessed the economic benefits for CNG conversion in three wheelers.•CNG conversion reduced emission costs USD 4.8 million/year. Motorized vehicles have emerged as significant contributors to air pollution in cities around th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Transportation engineering (Oxford) Vol. 13; p. 100199
Main Authors:	Fattah, Md. Abdul, Istiaqe, Md. Athar, Biswas, Avrodip, Rahman, Mahin, Morshed, Syed Riad, Chakraborty, Tanmoy
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2023 Elsevier
Subjects:	CNG conversion Economic benefits Environmental benefits Pollutant emission costs Vehicular pollutant emissions Economic benefits Vehicular pollutant emissions CNG conversion Pollutant emission costs Environmental benefits
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Summary:	•Assessed the environmental benefits for CNG conversion in three wheelers.•Assessed the economic benefits for CNG conversion in three wheelers.•CNG conversion reduced emission costs USD 4.8 million/year. Motorized vehicles have emerged as significant contributors to air pollution in cities around the world, particularly in developing countries where they constitute the primary source of pollution. To address this issue and improve air quality, the substitution of petroleum and diesel consumption with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has gained attention. For the first time, this study investigated the environmental and economic impacts of CNG conversion on three-wheelers. The top-down approach was employed to estimate pollutant emissions (CO2, CO, SO2, CH4, NO2, NMVOC, and PM10) from the three-wheelers in Khulna City. For assessing the economic impacts, pollutant emission costs were estimated using the damage cost approach; vehicle operation and trip generation costs were also estimated. Findings reveal that CNG conversion leads to reduced vehicle operation costs and increased average daily travel length. Consequently, daily CO2 emissions in Khulna City decreased by 32.27 tons, SO2 by 45.87 kg, NMVOC by 20.12 kg, and PM10 by 166.02 kg during 2019–2022 period. However, there was an increase in CO emissions of 3.69 tons/day, CH4 of 370.62 kg/day, and NO2 of 197.20 kg/day. This also contributed to the decline in pollutant emission costs by BDT 1.12 million per day (USD 4.8 million/year). The noise pollution inventory analysis shows the diesel-powered vehicle is the noisiest among three-wheelers. This comprehensive study directly contributes to the present interest in adopting CNG-fueled vehicles in both developed and developing nations. The study facilitates an integrated assessment of co-benefits by reducing air pollution and climate change strategies at the same time.
ISSN:	2666-691X 2666-691X
DOI:	10.1016/j.treng.2023.100199