The impact of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac ® WDG) larvicide sprayed with drones on the bio-control of malaria vectors in rice fields of sub-urban Kigali, Rwanda

The core vector control tools used to reduce malaria prevalence are currently long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), and indoor residual spraying (IRS). These interventions are hindered by insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptation by malaria vectors. Thus, for effective interruption of mala...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Malaria journal Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 281 - 13
Main Authors:	Munyakanage, Dunia, Niyituma, Elias, Mutabazi, Alphonse, Misago, Xavier, Musanabaganwa, Clarisse, Remera, Eric, Rutayisire, Eric, Ingabire, Mamy Muziga, Majambere, Silas, Mbituyumuremyi, Aimable, Ngugi, Mathew Piero, Kokwaro, Elizabeth, Hakizimana, Emmanuel, Muvunyi, Claude Mambo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 17-09-2024 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Animals Anopheles - drug effects Bacillus thuringiensis Control Drones Female Humans Identification and classification Insecticides - pharmacology Larva - drug effects Larva - growth & development Malaria Malaria - prevention & control Malaria - transmission Male Mosquito Control - methods Mosquito Vectors - drug effects Mosquitoes Oryza Pest Control, Biological - methods Pesticide resistance Prevention Rice fields Risk factors Rwanda Rwanda Mosquitoes Rice fields Malaria Bacillus thuringiensis Rwanda Drones
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Summary:	The core vector control tools used to reduce malaria prevalence are currently long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), and indoor residual spraying (IRS). These interventions are hindered by insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptation by malaria vectors. Thus, for effective interruption of malaria transmission, there is a need to develop novel vector control interventions and technologies to address the above challenges. Larviciding using drones was experimented as an innovative tool that could complement existing indoor interventions to control malaria. A non-randomized larviciding trial was carried out in irrigated rice fields in sub-urban Kigali, Rwanda. Potential mosquito larval habitats in study sites were mapped and subsequently sprayed using multirotor drones. Application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) (Vectobac WDG) was followed by entomological surveys that were performed every two weeks over a ten-month period. Sampling of mosquito larvae was done with dippers while adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and pyrethrum spraying collection (PSC) methods. Malaria cases were routinely monitored through community health workers in villages surrounding the study sites. The abundance of all-species mosquito larvae, Anopheles larvae and all-species pupae declined by 68.1%, 74.6% and 99.6%, respectively. Larval density was reduced by 93.3% for total larvae, 95.3% for the Anopheles larvae and 61.9% for pupae. The total adult mosquitoes and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato collected using CDC-Light trap declined by 60.6% and 80% respectively. Malaria incidence also declined significantly between intervention and control sites (U = 20, z = - 2.268, p = 0.023). The larviciding using drone technology implemented in Rwanda demonstrated a substantial reduction in abundance and density of mosquito larvae and, concomitant decline in adult mosquito populations and malaria incidences in villages contingent to the treatment sites. The scaling up of larval source management (LSM) has to be integrated in malaria programmes in targeted areas of malaria transmission in order to enhance the gains in malaria control.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1475-2875 1475-2875
DOI:	10.1186/s12936-024-05104-9