Demographic factors associated with HIV infection between low and high prevalence areas in Nigeria, 2015

Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 66% of 36.7 million individuals living with HIV in 2015 with Nigeria having the second highest prevalence in Africa. The study aimed to find the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with HIV infection and compare these findings between high and low prev...

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Published in:	The Pan African medical journal Vol. 32; no. Suppl 1; p. 11
Main Authors:	Ibrahim, Saude Abdullahi, Sabitu, Kabir, Abubakar, Aisha, Poggensee, Gabrielle, Ibrahim, Sadiya, Riyad, Mahammad, Bashorun, Adebobola, Sudawa, Aminu Usman, Ibrahim, Baffa Sule, Mohammed, Hauwa, Ezeudu, Chinyere, Abubakar, Adama Ahmad, Nsubuga, Peter, Nguku, Patrick
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Uganda African Field Epidemiology Network 2019 The African Field Epidemiology Network
Subjects:	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adolescent Adult Age Distribution AIDS Cross-Sectional Studies Educational attainment Educational Status Female Health risk assessment HIV HIV Infections - epidemiology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Nigeria - epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors Sex Distribution Surveys and Questionnaires Trends Young Adult Nigeria South Africa Malawi Africa comparative study cross-sectional study HIV Nigeria demography HIV infection
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Summary:	Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 66% of 36.7 million individuals living with HIV in 2015 with Nigeria having the second highest prevalence in Africa. The study aimed to find the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with HIV infection and compare these findings between high and low prevalence areas. We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults aged 15 to 49 years from March to April 2015. We administered a questionnaire to collect linked anonymous data on socio-demographic and socio-cultural characteristics and screened all respondents for HIV infection. We defined a high HIV prevalence area as area with prevalence consistently above 5% and an area with prevalence consistently below 2% as low prevalence area. We performed univariate, bivariate and logistic regration analysis to assess factors associated with HIV infection. We screened and interviewed all 480 respondents. Majority 344 (71.7%) were females, mean age was 30.1 years (±7.4 years), high proportion were employed 246 (51.2%). In high HIV prevalence area, aged <30 years (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 4.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1-20.4) and being employed (AOR= 3.7, 95% CI=1.0-58.8) increased the likelihood of HIV infection. In low HIV prevalence area, lack of education (AOR=7.1, 95% CI= 0.9-32) was the only predictor of HIV infection. Interplay of socio-demographic factors was responsible for differences in HIV prevalence. To further decrease prevalence in low prevalence areas (below 1%), government should make universal basic education mandatory and in high prevalence areas, interventions should target the young and the employed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1937-8688 1937-8688
DOI:	10.11604/pamj.supp.2019.32.1.13330