Prevalence and Characterization of Self-Reported Gluten Sensitivity in The Netherlands

A growing number of individuals reports symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food in the absence of celiac disease. Yet the actual prevalence is not well established. Between April 2015 and March 2016, unselected adults visiting marketplaces, dental practices and a university in Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nutrients Vol. 8; no. 11; p. 714
Main Authors:	van Gils, Tom, Nijeboer, Petula, IJssennagger, Catharina E, Sanders, David S, Mulder, Chris J J, Bouma, Gerd
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 08-11-2016 MDPI
Subjects:	Abdomen Abdominal Pain Adult Aged Carbohydrates Celiac disease Diet, Gluten-Free Female Fermentation Flatulence FODMAPs Food Food Hypersensitivity - diet therapy Food Hypersensitivity - epidemiology Gastroenterology Gluten Glutens Hepatology Humans Irritable bowel syndrome Male Middle Aged Monosaccharides Netherlands - epidemiology non-celiac gluten sensitivity non-celiac wheat sensitivity Oligosaccharides Questionnaires Self Report Surveys and Questionnaires Urban Population United Kingdom > UK Netherlands celiac disease gluten non-celiac wheat sensitivity non-celiac gluten sensitivity irritable bowel syndrome FODMAPs
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Summary:	A growing number of individuals reports symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food in the absence of celiac disease. Yet the actual prevalence is not well established. Between April 2015 and March 2016, unselected adults visiting marketplaces, dental practices and a university in The Netherlands were asked to complete a modified validated questionnaire for self-reported gluten sensitivity (srGS). Among the 785 adults enquired, two had celiac disease. Forty-nine (6.2%) reported symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food. These individuals were younger, predominantly female and lived more frequently in urban regions compared with the other respondents. Symptoms reported included bloating (74%), abdominal discomfort (49%) and flatulence (47%). A total of 23 (47%) srGS individuals reported having had tried a gluten-free or gluten-restricted diet. Abdominal discomfort related to fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP)-containing food was more often reported in srGS individuals compared with the other respondents (73.5% vs. 21.7%, 0.001). Self-reported GS is common in The Netherlands, especially in younger individuals, females and urban regions, although the prevalence was lower than in a comparable recent UK study. It cannot be excluded that FODMAPs are in part responsible for these symptoms.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2072-6643 2072-6643
DOI:	10.3390/nu8110714