DARC and D6: silent partners in chemokine regulation?

Chemokine receptors adorn the surface of leukocytes and other cell types ready to translate the extracellular chemokine environment into functional cellular outcomes. However, there are several molecules that, in many respects, look like chemokine receptors, but which do not have the ability to conf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Immunology and cell biology Vol. 89; no. 2; pp. 197 - 206
Main Authors:	Hansell, Chris A H, Hurson, Catherine E, Nibbs, Robert J B
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Nature Publishing Group 01-02-2011 Blackwell Science Ltd
Subjects:	Animals chemokine Chemokine Receptor D6 Chemokines - immunology DARC Humans Inflammation - immunology Inflammation - pathology leukocyte migration Models, Immunological Receptors, CCR10 - immunology Receptors, Cell Surface - deficiency Receptors, Cell Surface - immunology scavenging transcytosis Transcytosis - immunology
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Summary:	Chemokine receptors adorn the surface of leukocytes and other cell types ready to translate the extracellular chemokine environment into functional cellular outcomes. However, there are several molecules that, in many respects, look like chemokine receptors, but which do not have the ability to confer chemotactic potential to cell lines. This apparent silence spurred the search for signalling‐independent functions and led to the development of new paradigms of chemokine regulation. In this review, we summarise the experimental basis for these ideas focussing on DARC and D6, the most studied members of this group of molecules. We discuss data generated using in vitro systems and genetically deficient mice, include results from observational human studies, and summarise the key findings of recent research. We take a critical look at current models of in vivo function highlighting important gaps in our knowledge and demonstrating that there is still much to find out about these enigmatic molecules. Our understanding of the significance and complexity of the chemokine superfamily has increased at an explosive pace over the last decade. Although this pace may be slowing down, many questions remain in this field. The February 2011 Special Feature on Chemokines reviews some of these issues: the CXCR3/CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11 axis; the role of chemokines in the thymus; and the function of the atypical chemokine receptors DARC and D6.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0818-9641 1440-1711 1440-1711
DOI:	10.1038/icb.2010.147