Temporal and latitudinal trends of p,p′-DDE in eggs and carcasses of North American birds from 1980 to 2005

The use of 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in agriculture in the United States and Canada was prohibited in the early 1970s; however, it continued to be used restrictively in Mexico until 2000. Forty years later, 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p′‐DDE), continue...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 1340 - 1348
Main Authors:	Mora, Miguel A., Durgin, Bryce, Hudson, Lacy B., Jones, Edward
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-06-2016
Subjects:	Animals Aves Birds Birds - metabolism Birds - physiology Bone and Bones - chemistry Carcasses DDE DDT - analysis DDT - metabolism DDT - toxicity Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - toxicity Egg shells Eggs Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental Pollutants - metabolism Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Ethane Lakes Nitrous oxide North America Ovum - chemistry p,p′‐DDE Persistent organic pollutants Pesticides p′-DDE Reproduction - drug effects Reproductive failure Toxicology Trends North America ANW, Canada USA ASW, Mexico North America, Great Lakes Birds Trends Persistent organic pollutants p,p′-DDE North America
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Summary:	The use of 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in agriculture in the United States and Canada was prohibited in the early 1970s; however, it continued to be used restrictively in Mexico until 2000. Forty years later, 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p′‐DDE), continues to be detected in eggs and bird carcasses in North America. The use of DDE has been associated with reproductive failure of several avian species, primarily through eggshell thinning. To assess the temporal and latitudinal distribution of p,p′‐DDE in North America, the authors examined DDE concentrations reported in bird tissues in the scientific literature published between 1980 and 2009. Overall, the majority of supported models suggested that DDE concentrations in birds were greater in the upper mid‐latitudes (38°–48°) than in other parts of North America. However, spatial trends of DDE seemed to be influenced by regions with large amounts of data, such as the Great Lakes area. Concentrations of p,p′‐DDE in eggs averaged 2.5 μg/g, 3.2 μg/g, and 29.5 μg/g wet weight in 1980 and decreased to 1.64 μg/g, 0.87 μg/g, and 1.01 μg/g wet weight by the mid‐2000s for the central, eastern, and western North America regions, respectively. The results indicate that, over time, all DDE residues observed in birds have decreased significantly in North America. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1340–1348. © 2016 SETAC
Bibliography:	ArticleID:ETC3360 ark:/67375/WNG-2CGSV957-7 istex:9B280C8A5B59887AFED7B3742065790BFD163303 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0730-7268 1552-8618
DOI:	10.1002/etc.3360