Search Results - "Howard, James D"

Identity-Specific Reward Representations in Orbitofrontal Cortex Are Modulated by Selective Devaluation by Howard, James D, Kahnt, Thorsten

“…Goal-directed behavior is sensitive to the current value of expected outcomes. This requires independent representations of specific rewards, which have been…”
Get full text

Identity prediction errors in the human midbrain update reward-identity expectations in the orbitofrontal cortex by Howard, James D., Kahnt, Thorsten

“…There is general consensus that dopaminergic midbrain neurons signal reward prediction errors, computed as the difference between expected and received reward…”
Get full text

Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal cortex by Howard, James D., Gottfried, Jay A., Tobler, Philippe N., Kahnt, Thorsten

“…Nervous systems must encode information about the identity of expected outcomes to make adaptive decisions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying…”
Get full text

Differential Representations of Prior and Likelihood Uncertainty in the Human Brain by Vilares, Iris, Howard, James D., Fernandes, Hugo L., Gottfried, Jay A., Kording, Konrad P.

“…Uncertainty shapes our perception of the world and the decisions we make. Two aspects of uncertainty are commonly distinguished: uncertainty in previously…”
Get full text

Targeted Stimulation of Human Orbitofrontal Networks Disrupts Outcome-Guided Behavior by Howard, James D., Reynolds, Rachel, Smith, Devyn E., Voss, Joel L., Schoenbaum, Geoffrey, Kahnt, Thorsten

“…Outcome-guided behavior requires knowledge about the current value of expected outcomes. Such behavior can be isolated in the reinforcer devaluation task,…”
Get full text

Configural and Elemental Coding of Natural Odor Mixture Components in the Human Brain by Howard, James D., Gottfried, Jay A.

“…Most real-world odors are complex mixtures of distinct molecular components. Olfactory systems can adopt different strategies to contend with this stimulus…”
Get full text

Odor quality coding and categorization in human posterior piriform cortex by Gottfried, Jay A, Howard, James D, Plailly, Jane, Grueschow, Marcus, Haynes, John-Dylan

“…This study reports that odorants that elicited similar fMRI activity patterns in the posterior piriform cortex were more likely to be judged as being more…”
Get full text

Converging prefrontal pathways support associative and perceptual features of conditioned stimuli by Howard, James D., Kahnt, Thorsten, Gottfried, Jay A.

“…Perceptually similar stimuli often predict vastly different outcomes, requiring the brain to maintain specific associations in the face of potential ambiguity…”
Get full text

Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues by Li, Wen, Howard, James D, Parrish, Todd B, Gottfried, Jay A

“…Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on…”
Get full text

Sensory prediction errors in the human midbrain signal identity violations independent of perceptual distance by Suarez, Javier A, Howard, James D, Schoenbaum, Geoffrey, Kahnt, Thorsten

“…The firing of dopaminergic midbrain neurons is thought to reflect prediction errors (PE) that depend on the difference between the value of expected and…”
Get full text

Attention to Odor Modulates Thalamocortical Connectivity in the Human Brain by Plailly, Jane, Howard, James D, Gitelman, Darren R, Gottfried, Jay A

“…It is widely assumed that the thalamus is functionally irrelevant for the sense of smell. Although animal studies suggest that the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus…”
Get full text

Dopamine neuron ensembles signal the content of sensory prediction errors by Stalnaker, Thomas A, Howard, James D, Takahashi, Yuji K, Gershman, Samuel J, Kahnt, Thorsten, Schoenbaum, Geoffrey

“…Dopamine neurons respond to errors in predicting value-neutral sensory information. These data, combined with causal evidence that dopamine transients support…”
Get full text

Olfactory connectivity mediates sleep-dependent food choices in humans by Bhutani, Surabhi, Howard, James D, Reynolds, Rachel, Zee, Phyllis C, Gottfried, Jay, Kahnt, Thorsten

“…Sleep deprivation has marked effects on food intake, shifting food choices toward energy-dense options. Here we test the hypothesis that neural processing in…”
Get full text

Olfactory input is critical for sustaining odor quality codes in human orbitofrontal cortex by Wu, Keng Nei, Tan, Bruce K, Howard, James D, Conley, David B, Gottfried, Jay A

“…The olfactory system is vulnerable to sensory deprivation owing to the prevalence of rhinosinusitis, but how the brain encodes and maintains odor information…”
Get full text

To Be Specific: The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Signaling Reward Identity by Howard, James D., Kahnt, Thorsten

“…The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a prominent role in signaling reward expectations. Two important features of rewards are their value (how good they are)…”
Get full text

The role of piriform associative connections in odor categorization by Bao, Xiaojun, Raguet, Louise Lg, Cole, Sydni M, Howard, James D, Gottfried, Jay

“…Distributed neural activity patterns are widely proposed to underlie object identification and categorization in the brain. In the olfactory domain,…”
Get full text

Mental Representations Mediate Aversive Learning in Humans by Qiao, Xiaolin, Wolters, Lauren, Howard, James D.

“…Mental representations of stimuli that are not physically present are critical for a range of cognitive capacities, including perception, memory, and learning…”
Get full text

Grid-like Neural Representations Support Olfactory Navigation of a Two-Dimensional Odor Space by Bao, Xiaojun, Gjorgieva, Eva, Shanahan, Laura K., Howard, James D., Kahnt, Thorsten, Gottfried, Jay A.

“…Searching for food, friends, and mates often begins with an airborne scent. Importantly, odor concentration rises with physical proximity to an odorous source,…”
Get full text

Distributed midbrain responses signal the content of positive identity prediction errors by Howard, James D, Edmonds, Donnisa, Schoenbaum, Geoffrey, Kahnt, Thorsten

“…Recent work across species has shown that midbrain dopamine neurons signal not only errors in the prediction of reward value but also in the prediction of…”
Get more information

Targeted Stimulation of an Orbitofrontal Network Disrupts Decisions Based on Inferred, Not Experienced Outcomes by Wang, Fang, Howard, James D, Voss, Joel L, Schoenbaum, Geoffrey, Kahnt, Thorsten

“…When direct experience is unavailable, animals and humans can imagine or infer the future to guide decisions. Behavior based on direct experience versus…”
Get full text