Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Responses to Ailanthone, a Potential Bio-Herbicide

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Responses to Ailanthone, a Potential Bio-Herbicide

Many plants naturally synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites that exert an allelopathic effect, offering compelling alternatives to chemical herbicides. These natural herbicides are highly important for sustainable agricultural practices. Ailanthone is the chemical responsible for the herbicid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 19; p. 11854
Main Authors: Hopson, Chantz Allen, Natarajan, Purushothaman, Shinde, Suhas, Kshetry, Arjun Ojha, Challa, Krishna Reddy, Valenciana, Armando Pacheco, Nimmakayala, Padma, Reddy, Umesh K.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-10-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Accumulation
Agricultural practices
agriculture
ailanthone
Ailanthus altissima
Allelopathy
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis thaliana
Biosynthesis
Ecotypes
Gene expression
Genes
Herbicides
Metabolites
Nonnative species
Physiology
Plant growth
Secondary metabolites
Seedlings
Seeds
Statistical analysis
Stress response
sustainability
transcriptome
Transcriptomes
Transcriptomics
Trees
North America
Southeast Asia
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Summary:Many plants naturally synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites that exert an allelopathic effect, offering compelling alternatives to chemical herbicides. These natural herbicides are highly important for sustainable agricultural practices. Ailanthone is the chemical responsible for the herbicidal effect of Ailanthus altissima, or “tree of heaven”. The molecular studies involving ailanthone’s effect on plant growth are limited. In the current study, we combined whole-transcriptome and physiology analysis of three Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes treated with ailanthone to identify the effect of this allelopathic chemical on genes and plant growth. Our physiology results showed 50% reduced root growth, high proline accumulation, and high reactive-oxygen-species accumulation in response to ailanthone stress. Deep transcriptome analysis revealed 528, 473, and 482 statistically significant differentially expressed genes for Col-0, Cvi-0, and U112-3 under ailanthone stress, including 131 genes shared among the three accessions. The common genes included 82 upregulated and 42 downregulated genes and varied in expression at least twofold. The study also revealed that 34 of the 131 genes had a similar expression pattern when Arabidopsis seedlings were subjected to other herbicides. Differentially expressed genes significantly induced in response to ailanthone included DTXL1, DTX1, ABCC3, NDB4, UGT74E2, and AZI1. Pathways of stress, development and hormone metabolism were significantly altered under ailanthone stress. These results suggest that ailanthone triggers a significant stress response in multiple pathways similar to other herbicides.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms231911854