The immune response and maternal antibody interference to a heterologous H1N1 swine influenza virus infection following vaccination

This study investigated the efficacy of a bivalent swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccine in piglets challenged with a heterologous H1N1 SIV isolate. The ability of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) to provide protection against a heterologous challenge and the impact MDA have on vaccine efficacy wer...

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Published in:	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology Vol. 112; no. 3; pp. 117 - 128
Main Authors:	Kitikoon, Pravina, Nilubol, Dachrit, Erickson, Barbara J., Janke, Bruce H., Hoover, Thayer C., Sornsen, Steve A., Thacker, Eileen L.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-08-2006
Subjects:	Animals antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood antibody detection antibody formation Body Temperature Cell Proliferation clinical trials Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary Female Flow Cytometry - veterinary H1N1 swine influenza virus Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests - veterinary Heterologous H1N1 Immune response Immunity, Maternally-Acquired - immunology Immunization - veterinary Influenza Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology Lung - immunology Lung - virology Maternal antibodies maternal immunity Nasal Cavity - immunology Nasal Cavity - virology Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology Simian immunodeficiency virus Statistics, Nonparametric Swine swine diseases Swine Diseases - immunology Swine Diseases - virology swine influenza virus T-Lymphocytes - immunology T-Lymphocytes - virology vaccination Vaccine viral diseases of animals and humans Viral Vaccines - immunology Heterologous H1N1 HI SIV Immune response Maternal antibodies HMI IHC NW Vaccine MDA BAL TCID OD Influenza HA PI MDCK SN DPI CMI
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Summary:	This study investigated the efficacy of a bivalent swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccine in piglets challenged with a heterologous H1N1 SIV isolate. The ability of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) to provide protection against a heterologous challenge and the impact MDA have on vaccine efficacy were also evaluated. Forty-eight MDA + pigs and 48 MDA − pigs were assigned to 8 different groups. Vaccinated pigs received two doses of a bivalent SIV vaccine at 3 and 5 weeks of age. The infected pigs were challenged at 7 weeks of age with an H1N1 SIV strain heterologous to the H1N1 vaccine strain. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, virus excretion, serum and local antibody responses, and influenza-specific T-cell responses were measured. The bivalent SIV vaccine induced a high serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titer against the vaccine virus, but antibodies cross-reacted at a lower level to the challenge virus. This study determined that low serum HI antibodies to a challenge virus induced by vaccination with a heterologous virus provided protection demonstrated by clinical protection and reduced pneumonia and viral excretion. The vaccine was able to prime the local SIV-specific antibody response in the lower respiratory tract as well as inducing a systemic SIV-specific memory T-cell response. MDA alone were capable of suppressing fever subsequent to infection, but other parameters showed reduced protection against infection compared to vaccination. The presence of MDA at vaccination negatively impacted vaccine efficacy as fever and clinical signs were prolonged, and unexpectedly, SIV-induced pneumonia was increased compared to pigs vaccinated in the absence of MDA. MDA also suppressed the serum antibody response and the induction of SIV-specific memory T-cells following vaccination. The results of this study question the effectiveness of the current practice of generating increased MDA levels through sow vaccination in protecting piglets against disease.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.008 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0165-2427 1873-2534 1365-2567
DOI:	10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.008