Evidence of exposure of domestic pigs to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Nigeria

Evidence of exposure of domestic pigs to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Nigeria

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) potentially transmit to swine as shown by experiments, where further reassortment may contribute to the generation of pandemic strains. Associated risks of AIV inter-species transmission are greater in countries like Nigeria with recurrent epidemics of highly pathogenic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 8; no. 1; pp. 5900 - 9
Main Authors: Meseko, Clement, Globig, Anja, Ijomanta, Jeremiah, Joannis, Tony, Nwosuh, Chika, Shamaki, David, Harder, Timm, Hoffman, Donata, Pohlmann, Anne, Beer, Martin, Mettenleiter, Thomas, Starick, Elke
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 12-04-2018
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
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13/1
45
45/23
45/29
45/77
45/91
631/158/852
631/326/596/1578
692/499
692/699/255/1578
704/158/2456
Abattoirs
Animal populations
Antibodies
Avian flu
Domestic animals
Hemagglutination inhibition
Hemagglutinins
Hogs
Humanities and Social Sciences
Influenza A
multidisciplinary
Orthomyxoviridae
Pandemics
Poultry
Public health
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Strains (organisms)
Suidae
Swine
Viruses
Nigeria
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Summary:Avian influenza viruses (AIV) potentially transmit to swine as shown by experiments, where further reassortment may contribute to the generation of pandemic strains. Associated risks of AIV inter-species transmission are greater in countries like Nigeria with recurrent epidemics of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) in poultry and significant pig population. Analysis of 129 tracheal swab specimens collected from apparently healthy pigs at slaughterhouse during presence of HPAI virus H5N1 in poultry in Nigeria for influenza A by RT-qPCR yielded 43 positive samples. Twenty-two could be determined by clade specific RT-qPCR as belonging to the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c and confirmed by partial hemagglutinin (HA) sequence analysis. In addition, 500 swine sera were screened for antibodies against influenza A virus nucleoprotein and H5 HA using competition ELISAs and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Serologically, 222 (44.4%) and 42 (8.4%) sera were positive for influenza A virus NP and H5 antibodies, respectively. Sera reacted to H5N1 and A/H1N1pdm09 strains by HI suggesting exposure of the Nigerian domestic pig population to these viruses. We report for the first time in Nigeria, exposure of domestic pigs to H5N1 virus. This poses potential public health and pandemic risk due to interspecies transmission of avian and human influenza viruses.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-24371-6