Leveraging Technology to Diagnose Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Leveraging Technology to Diagnose Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

About 50 million people worldwide suffered from dementia in 2018-two-thirds of those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). By 2050, this number is expected to rise to 152 million-which is slightly larger than the country of Russia. About 90% of these people are over the age of 65, but early-onset deme...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Healthcare (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 23; p. 3013
Main Authors: Kruse, Clemens Scott, Mileski, Michael E, Wilkinson, Reagan, Hock, Britney, Samson, Roger, Castillo, Taylor
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21-11-2023
Subjects:
Advertising executives
Alzheimer's disease
Artificial intelligence
Bias
Biomarkers
Care and treatment
Dementia
Diagnosis
Diagnostic imaging
Disease
Editorials
Evaluation
Evidence-based medicine
health information technology
Information technology
Literature reviews
Machine learning
Meta-analysis
Neurodegeneration
Older people
Practice guidelines (Medicine)
Systematic review
Telemedicine
United States
China
United States > US
Alzheimer’s disease
dementia
health information technology
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Summary:About 50 million people worldwide suffered from dementia in 2018-two-thirds of those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). By 2050, this number is expected to rise to 152 million-which is slightly larger than the country of Russia. About 90% of these people are over the age of 65, but early-onset dementia can occur at younger ages. Early detection is imperative to expedient treatment, which can improve outcomes over the span of diagnosis. To conduct a meta-analysis of similar studies along with a systematic literature review to hasten the development of clinical practice guidelines to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of AD. We analyzed data points in each article published over the last 10 years to meet this objective: cost, efficiency, accuracy, acceptability (by physician and patient), patient satisfaction, and barriers to adoption. Four research databases were queried (PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect). The review was conducted in accordance with a published protocol, the Kruse Protocol, and reported in accordance with PRISMA (2020). Ten interventions were identified to help diagnose AD among older patients, and some involved a combination of methods (such as MRI and PET). The average sample size was 320.32 (SD = 437.51). These 10 interventions were identified as accurate, non-invasive, non-stressful, inexpensive, convenient, and rapid. Only one intervention was identified as statistically ineffective, and this same intervention was used effectively in other studies. The barriers identified were cost, training, expense of travel, and required physical presence of patient. The weighted average sensitivity was 85.16%, specificity was 88.53, and the weighted average effect size was 0.7339 (medium). Innovation can accurately diagnose AD, but not all methods are successful. Providers must ensure they have the proper training and familiarity with these interventions to ensure accuracy in diagnosis. While the physical presence of the patient is often required, many interventions are non-invasive, non-stressful, and relatively inexpensive.
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ISSN:2227-9032
2227-9032
DOI:10.3390/healthcare11233013