Potential routes of acquisition of Arcobacter species by piglets

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the transmission routes of Arcobacter spp. in sows and their offspring on a breeding farm. Twelve Arcobacter-positive sows and their litters were studied for this purpose. Analysis of rectal samples showed a high prevalence of Arcobacter spp....

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Published in:	Veterinary microbiology Vol. 114; no. 1; pp. 123 - 133
Main Authors:	Ho, T.K.H., Lipman, L.J.A., van der Graaf-van Bloois, L., van Bergen, M., Gaastra, W.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 16-04-2006 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	amniotic fluid Amniotic Fluid - microbiology animal breeding animal pathogenic bacteria Animals antibodies Antibodies, Bacterial - analysis Arcobacter Arcobacter - classification Arcobacter - genetics Arcobacter - isolation & purification bacterial infections Biological and medical sciences Blotting, Western - veterinary Colostrum Colostrum - immunology disease transmission Disease Transmission, Infectious - veterinary DNA Primers - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - chemistry Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field - methods Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field - veterinary excretion Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - transmission Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - veterinary Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - veterinary litters (young animals) Microbiology neonates pathogen shedding Piglets Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods Polymerase Chain Reaction - standards Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary Prevalence rectum Rectum - microbiology Sensitivity and Specificity Sows strain differences strains swine diseases Swine Diseases - epidemiology Swine Diseases - microbiology Swine Diseases - transmission Time Factors Transmission transplacental transmission Prevalence Colostrum Piglets Arcobacter Transmission Sows Microbiology Veterinary Epidemiology
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Summary:	The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the transmission routes of Arcobacter spp. in sows and their offspring on a breeding farm. Twelve Arcobacter-positive sows and their litters were studied for this purpose. Analysis of rectal samples showed a high prevalence of Arcobacter spp. among the sows (approximately 42% of the sows carried one or more Arcobacter species). Intermittent excretion of one particular species and shifts in excretion from one species to another were observed in individual animals over time. The detection of Arcobacter spp. in amniotic fluid of the sows and in rectal samples from newborn piglets (ranging from 38.5–83.3% per litter), as well as the high similarity between PFGE profiles of Arcobacter isolates from sows and their respective newborns indicated the existence of an intra-uterine transmission route for Arcobacter spp. Specific antibodies against Arcobacter spp. were detected in colostrum by Western blot. At 2 weeks of age, only a few piglets were positive for Arcobacter. The reappearance of Arcobacter in these piglets at Week 3 and the shift in the Arcobacter species detected (from a prominent presence of A. cryaerophilus at birth to the presence of A. skirrowii and A. butzleri at 3 weeks after birth) showed that a post-natal infection route from their mothers, newcomers or the environment to the piglets existed. Thus, in this manuscript the transmission of Arcobacter spp. (both vertical and horizontal) from carrying sows to their offspring is demonstrated.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.051 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0378-1135 1873-2542
DOI:	10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.051