Canine parvoviruses in New Zealand form a monophyletic group distinct from the viruses circulating in other parts of the world

•CPV-2 was most common among unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated puppies.•Of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as CPV-2a and one as CPV-2.•All contemporary New Zealand CPV-2 sequences appeared to be monophyletic.•No clustering of local CPV-2 based on dog's age or vaccination status was evi...

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Published in:	Veterinary microbiology Vol. 178; no. 3-4; pp. 190 - 200
Main Authors:	Ohneiser, S.A., Hills, S.F., Cave, N.J., Passmore, D., Dunowska, M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 05-08-2015
Subjects:	Acute Disease Animals Canine parvovirus Canine vaccination CPV-2 CPV-2 evolution Dog Diseases - epidemiology Dog Diseases - virology Dogs Enteritis - epidemiology Enteritis - veterinary Enteritis - virology Feces - virology Female Haplotype network Haplotypes Molecular typing New Zealand - epidemiology Parvoviridae Infections - epidemiology Parvoviridae Infections - veterinary Parvoviridae Infections - virology Parvovirus enteritis Parvovirus, Canine - genetics Parvovirus, Canine - isolation & purification PCR New Zealand Canine vaccination Canine parvovirus Molecular typing Haplotype network Parvovirus enteritis CPV-2 evolution CPV-2 PCR
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Summary:	•CPV-2 was most common among unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated puppies.•Of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as CPV-2a and one as CPV-2.•All contemporary New Zealand CPV-2 sequences appeared to be monophyletic.•No clustering of local CPV-2 based on dog's age or vaccination status was evident.•Our data support a singular, or infrequent, introduction of CPV-2 to New Zealand. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a well-recognized cause of acute haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs worldwide. The aim of the current study was to identify which CPV-2 subtypes circulate among dogs in New Zealand, and to investigate the evolutionary patterns of contemporary CPV-2 viruses. Faecal samples were collected from 79 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection over the period of 13 months, and tested for the presence of CPV-2 DNA by PCR. Of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as CPV-2a and one as CPV-2. A majority of CPV-2 positive samples were collected from unvaccinated or not-fully vaccinated puppies ≤6 months of age. The haplotype network produced from New Zealand CPV-2 sequences showed no structure when assessed based on location, vaccination status or age of the animals sampled. International haplotype network indicated that, unlike CPV-2 from other countries, the population of CPV-2 in New Zealand appeared to be monophyletic.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0378-1135 1873-2542
DOI:	10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.017