Acute and sustained inflammation and metabolic dysfunction induced by high refined carbohydrate‐containing diet in mice

Objective The effects of high‐refined carbohydrate‐containing diet (HC) on inflammatory parameters and metabolic disarrangement of adipose tissue are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing and progression of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by HC diet in mi...

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Published in:	Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Vol. 21; no. 9; pp. E396 - E406
Main Authors:	Oliveira, Marina C., Menezes‐Garcia, Zélia, Henriques, Milene C. C., Soriani, Frederico M., Pinho, Vanessa, Faria, Ana M. C., Santiago, Andrezza F., Cara, Denise C., Souza, Danielle G., Teixeira, Mauro M., Ferreira, Adaliene V. M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-09-2013
Subjects:	Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase - genetics Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase - metabolism Adipocytes Adipokines - blood Adipose Tissue - drug effects Adipose Tissue - metabolism Animals Cytokines Diabetes Diet Diet - adverse effects Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects Disease Models, Animal Fatty acids Gene expression Glucose Glucose Intolerance - etiology Glucose Intolerance - metabolism Glycerol Hyperlipidemias - etiology Hyperlipidemias - metabolism Inflammation - etiology Inflammation - metabolism Inflammation Mediators - metabolism Insulin Insulin Resistance Leukocytes - metabolism Lipoprotein Lipase - genetics Lipoprotein Lipase - metabolism Male Metabolic Diseases - etiology Metabolic Diseases - metabolism Metabolic disorders Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Microvessels Obesity Obesity, Abdominal - chemically induced Obesity, Abdominal - complications Obesity, Abdominal - metabolism Obesity, Abdominal - pathology PPAR gamma - genetics PPAR gamma - metabolism Proteins RNA, Messenger - metabolism Rodents Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 - genetics Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 - metabolism Studies Triglycerides
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Summary:	Objective The effects of high‐refined carbohydrate‐containing diet (HC) on inflammatory parameters and metabolic disarrangement of adipose tissue are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing and progression of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by HC diet in mice. Design and Methods BALB/c mice were fed chow or HC diet for 1 and 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. Results Animals given HC diet exhibited acute and sustained increase in visceral adiposity, glucose intolerance, low insulin sensitivity, hyperlipemia, acute increase in mRNA expression of ACC, LPL, PPARγ, SREBP‐1, and ChREBP and altered circulating levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin. There was leucocyte rolling and adhesion on adipose tissue microvessels already at 3 days and until 8 weeks of HC diet. Adipose tissue of mice had increased number of macrophages (M1 and M2), lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD4+Foxp3+), and neutrophils (GR1+) already at 3 days after initiation of HC diet. Overall, concentration of cytokines and chemokines, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β1, CCL2, and CXCL1, in adipose tissue was elevated throughout the experimental period. Levels of IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 tended to reach baseline levels at 12 weeks of HC diet. Conclusions We describe a novel murine model of fat pad expansion induced by HC diet that is characterized by early onset and sustained adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disarrangement. The acute inflammatory response in adipose tissue occurs very early and is sustained, suggesting that adipose tissue inflammation is a homeostatic mechanism to regulate nutrient overload and adipose expansion.
Bibliography:	Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding agencies: Financial assistance from Capes, FAPEMIG and CNPq is gratefully acknowledged. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1930-7381 1930-739X
DOI:	10.1002/oby.20230