An altered intestinal mucosal microbiome in HIV-1 infection is associated with mucosal and systemic immune activation and endotoxemia

An altered intestinal mucosal microbiome in HIV-1 infection is associated with mucosal and systemic immune activation and endotoxemia

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the intestinal immune system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. We investigated the impact of HIV-1 infection on the intestinal microbiome and its association with mucosal T-cell and dendritic cell (DC) freque...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mucosal immunology Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 983 - 994
Main Authors: Dillon, S M, Lee, E J, Kotter, C V, Austin, G L, Dong, Z, Hecht, D K, Gianella, S, Siewe, B, Smith, D M, Landay, A L, Robertson, C E, Frank, D N, Wilson, C C
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01-07-2014
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
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692/698/2741/2135
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Adult
Allergology
Antibodies
Biodiversity
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biopsy
Body Mass Index
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Colon - immunology
Colon - microbiology
Colon - pathology
Diet
Dysbiosis - immunology
Endotoxemia - immunology
Female
Gastroenterology
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - immunology
Humans
Immunity
Immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Male
Microbiota
Middle Aged
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
Viral Load
Young Adult
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Description
Summary:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the intestinal immune system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. We investigated the impact of HIV-1 infection on the intestinal microbiome and its association with mucosal T-cell and dendritic cell (DC) frequency and activation, as well as with levels of systemic T-cell activation, inflammation, and microbial translocation. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was performed on colon biopsies and fecal samples from subjects with chronic, untreated HIV-1 infection and uninfected control subjects. Colon biopsies of HIV-1-infected subjects had increased abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased abundances of Firmicutes compared with uninfected donors. Furthermore at the genus level, a significant increase in Prevotella and decrease in Bacteroides was observed in HIV-1-infected subjects, indicating a disruption in the Bacteroidetes bacterial community structure. This HIV-1-associated increase in Prevotella abundance was associated with increased numbers of activated colonic T cells and myeloid DCs. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated an HIV-1-related change in the microbiome that was associated with increased mucosal cellular immune activation, microbial translocation, and blood T-cell activation. These observations suggest that an important relationship exists between altered mucosal bacterial communities and intestinal inflammation during chronic HIV-1 infection.
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ISSN:1933-0219
1935-3456
DOI:10.1038/mi.2013.116