Physical capability, physical activity, and their association with femoral bone mineral density in adults aged 40 years and older: The Tromsø study 2015–2016

Summary Since muscles can influence bone growth and vice versa, we examined if level of physical activity and physical capability tests can predict areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Both high activity level and good test performance were associated with higher aBMD, especially in women. Introductio...

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Published in:	Osteoporosis international Vol. 32; no. 10; pp. 2083 - 2094
Main Authors:	Hauger, A.V., Holvik, K., Bergland, A., Ståhle, A., Emaus, N., Morseth, B., Strand, B.H.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Springer London 01-10-2021 Springer Nature B.V Springer
Subjects:	Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Bone Density Bone growth Bone mineral density Cross-Sectional Studies Endocrinology Exercise Female Health sciences: 800 Helsefag: 800 Hip Humans Male Medical disciplines: 700 Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Medicine & Public Health Medisinske Fag: 700 Middle Aged Muscles Norway - epidemiology Original Original Article Orthopedics Osteogenesis Osteoporosis Physical activity Population studies Regression analysis Rheumatology VDP Women Norway Osteoporosis Bone mineral density Physical activity Physical function Physical capability
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Summary:	Summary Since muscles can influence bone growth and vice versa, we examined if level of physical activity and physical capability tests can predict areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Both high activity level and good test performance were associated with higher aBMD, especially in women. Introduction Muscle influences bone formation and vice versa. Tests of physical capability and level of physical activity reflect various muscle qualities. We assessed the associations between total hip aBMD and physical activity as well as a range of standardized physical capability tests in an adult general population. Methods A total of 3 533 women and men aged 40–84 years, participating in the population-based cross-sectional Tromsø study in Norway in 2015–2016, were included. Linear regression was used to assess associations between aBMD and physical activity and the physical capability tests grip strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and standing balance. Non-linear associations were examined in cubic spline models. Standardized regression coefficients were calculated to compare effect sizes across physical capability measures. Results In fully adjusted models, higher physical activity was positively associated with total hip aBMD in both sexes compared to a sedentary lifestyle. All tests of physical capability were associated with aBMD in women, SPPB showing the strongest association although effect sizes were too small to indicate clinically significant differences (1 point increase corresponded to an aBMD increase of 0.009 g/cm 2 , CI = 0.005 to 0.012). In men, SPPB and its subtests were associated with aBMD with chair rises showing the strongest association (1 s increase in execution time corresponded to an aBMD decrease of 0.005 g/cm 2 , CI = 0.008 to 0.002). Conclusion Physical activity was associated with aBMD, and tests of physical capability can account for some of the aBMD variations in adults aged 40 years and older, especially in women.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Osteoporosis International
ISSN:	0937-941X 1433-2965 1433-2965
DOI:	10.1007/s00198-021-05949-9