Results of a Pilot Trial Assessing the Effects of Proper Oral Hygiene and a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Oral Health in Volunteers with Oral Malodor

Results of a Pilot Trial Assessing the Effects of Proper Oral Hygiene and a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Oral Health in Volunteers with Oral Malodor

Persistent malodor affects many people worldwide and is usually associated with poor dental hygiene. This pilot trial aimed to determine whether proper dental hygiene (DH) and a probiotic dietary supplement support oral health in volunteers with persistent malodor. Volunteers ( = 35) were randomly a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 1821
Main Authors: Enioutina, Elena Y, Keddington, R James, Hauck, Kurtis G, Chavez, Amarina, Clifford, Jeffrey J, Cao, Thy April, Smith, Bryce, Job, Kathleen M, Balch, Alfred
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03-09-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Analysis
Bacteria
Coating
Coatings
Cytokines
Dental hygiene
Dental insurance
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Dietary supplements
DNA
Halitosis
Health aspects
Hygiene
Interleukins
Intervention
malodor
Odors
Off odor
oral health
Oral hygiene
Physiology
Placebos
Probiotics
proper dental hygiene
salivary cytokines
Sinusitis
Teeth
Tongue
tongue coating
Toothbrushing
Toothpaste
Tumor necrosis factor-α
United States > US
probiotic DNA levels
malodor
proper dental hygiene
oral health
tongue coating
pilot trial
salivary cytokines
probiotics
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Summary:Persistent malodor affects many people worldwide and is usually associated with poor dental hygiene. This pilot trial aimed to determine whether proper dental hygiene (DH) and a probiotic dietary supplement support oral health in volunteers with persistent malodor. Volunteers ( = 35) were randomly assigned to the probiotic or placebo cohort. The probiotic cohort ( = 20) brushed and flossed their teeth twice daily and used probiotics for 30 days; the placebo cohort ( = 15) followed the same hygiene practices and used the placebo. The intervention phase was followed by a 30-day follow-up period. Measured outcomes were malodor and tongue-coating scores, probiotic DNA levels, salivary cytokines, and salivary pH. DH and probiotics significantly decreased malodor (~50% during intervention) and tongue coating scores (~45% during intervention). These changes remained through the course of the trial. The probiotic DNA levels increased in the probiotic cohort and dropped in the placebo cohort after the intervention started. The malodor moderately correlated with the tongue coating level. The addition of probiotics increased IL-10 levels during the intervention and decreased IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 by the end of the study. People with malodor may benefit from using DH and probiotics. Additional trials are needed to definitively establish the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements.
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content type line 23
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12091821