Interferon Gamma-Inducible NAMPT in Melanoma Cells Serves as a Mechanism of Resistance to Enhance Tumor Growth

(1) Background: Immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and secrete inflammatory cytokines, including interferons (IFNs), to drive antitumor responses and promote tumor clearance. However, recent evidence suggests that sometimes, tumor cells can also harness IFNs to enhance growth and sur...

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Published in:	Cancers Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 1411
Main Authors:	Barba, Cindy, Ekiz, H Atakan, Tang, William Weihao, Ghazaryan, Arevik, Hansen, Mason, Lee, Soh-Hyun, Voth, Warren Peter, O'Connell, Ryan Michael
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 23-02-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Animal models Antibodies Antitumor activity Binding sites Cancer therapies Cell culture Cell growth Cell proliferation Cell survival Cloning CRISPR Cytokines Development and progression Enzymes Experiments Fitness Health aspects Homeostasis Immune clearance Immunotherapy Inflammation Interferon gamma Laboratories Melanoma Metabolism Molecular modelling Mutation Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Phosphoribosyltransferase Plasmids Proteins Reagents Signal transduction Skin cancer Stat1 protein Therapeutic targets Tumor cells Tumor microenvironment Tumors γ-Interferon United States United States > US melanoma interferon gamma NAMPT
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Summary:	(1) Background: Immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and secrete inflammatory cytokines, including interferons (IFNs), to drive antitumor responses and promote tumor clearance. However, recent evidence suggests that sometimes, tumor cells can also harness IFNs to enhance growth and survival. The essential NAD+ salvage pathway enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) gene is constitutively expressed in cells during normal homeostasis. However, melanoma cells have higher energetic demands and elevated NAMPT expression. We hypothesized that interferon gamma (IFNγ) regulates NAMPT in tumor cells as a mechanism of resistance that impedes the normal anti-tumorigenic effects of IFNγ. (2) Methods: Utilizing a variety of melanoma cells, mouse models, Crispr-Cas9, and molecular biology techniques, we explored the importance of IFNγ-inducible NAMPT during melanoma growth. (3) Results: We demonstrated that IFNγ mediates the metabolic reprogramming of melanoma cells by inducing Nampt through a binding site in the gene, increasing cell proliferation and survival. Further, IFN/STAT1-inducible Nampt promotes melanoma in vivo. (4) Conclusions: We provided evidence that melanoma cells directly respond to IFNγ by increasing NAMPT levels, improving their fitness and growth in vivo (control n = 36, SBS KO n = 46). This discovery unveils a possible therapeutic target that may improve the efficacy of immunotherapies involving IFN responses in the clinic.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2072-6694 2072-6694
DOI:	10.3390/cancers15051411