A Systematic Review on Social Robots in Public Spaces: Threat Landscape and Attack Surface

A Systematic Review on Social Robots in Public Spaces: Threat Landscape and Attack Surface

There is a growing interest in using social robots in public spaces for indoor and outdoor applications. The threat landscape is an important research area being investigated and debated by various stakeholders. Objectives: This study aims to identify and synthesize empirical research on the complet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Computers (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 12; p. 181
Main Authors: Oruma, Samson O., Sánchez-Gordón, Mary, Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo, Gkioulos, Vasileios, Hansen, Joakim K.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-12-2022
Subjects:
Anthropomorphism
attack surface
Cybersecurity
Empirical analysis
humanoids
Internet of Things
Literature reviews
Methods
Privacy
public space
Public spaces
Robotics
Robots
Security management
Sensors
Social norms
social robots
Taxonomy
Technology application
threat landscape
Threats
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Wireless communications
Norway
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Summary:There is a growing interest in using social robots in public spaces for indoor and outdoor applications. The threat landscape is an important research area being investigated and debated by various stakeholders. Objectives: This study aims to identify and synthesize empirical research on the complete threat landscape of social robots in public spaces. Specifically, this paper identifies the potential threat actors, their motives for attacks, vulnerabilities, attack vectors, potential impacts of attacks, possible attack scenarios, and mitigations to these threats. Methods: This systematic literature review follows the guidelines by Kitchenham and Charters. The search was conducted in five digital databases, and 1469 studies were retrieved. This study analyzed 21 studies that satisfied the selection criteria. Results: Main findings reveal four threat categories: cybersecurity, social, physical, and public space. Conclusion: This study completely grasped the complexity of the transdisciplinary problem of social robot security and privacy while accommodating the diversity of stakeholders’ perspectives. Findings give researchers and other stakeholders a comprehensive view by highlighting current developments and new research directions in this field. This study also proposed a taxonomy for threat actors and the threat landscape of social robots in public spaces.
ISSN:2073-431X
2073-431X
DOI:10.3390/computers11120181