Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological time scales in Drosophila

Direct observation of evolution in response to natural environmental change can resolve fundamental questions about adaptation, including its pace, temporal dynamics, and underlying phenotypic and genomic architecture. We tracked the evolution of fitness-associated phenotypes and allele frequencies...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 375; no. 6586; p. eabj7484
Main Authors:	Rudman, Seth M, Greenblum, Sharon I, Rajpurohit, Subhash, Betancourt, Nicolas J, Hanna, Jinjoo, Tilk, Susanne, Yokoyama, Tuya, Petrov, Dmitri A, Schmidt, Paul
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States The American Association for the Advancement of Science 18-03-2022
Subjects:	Acclimatization Adaptation Alleles Animals Biodiversity Biological Evolution Changing environments Chromosomes Data collection Desiccation Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster - genetics Drosophila melanogaster - physiology Ecosystem Environment Environmental changes Environmental conditions Evidence Evolution Evolution & development Evolution, Molecular Experiments Field tests Fitness Fruit flies Gardens & gardening Gene Frequency Gene sequencing Genetic diversity Genetic Fitness Genetic variance Genome, Insect Genomes Genomics Insects Intervals Laboratories Natural populations Natural selection Nucleotides Phenotype Phenotypes Populations Reproductive fitness Seasonal variations Seasons Selection, Genetic Temporal resolution Temporal variations Time Tracking Wildlife conservation
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Summary:	Direct observation of evolution in response to natural environmental change can resolve fundamental questions about adaptation, including its pace, temporal dynamics, and underlying phenotypic and genomic architecture. We tracked the evolution of fitness-associated phenotypes and allele frequencies genome-wide in 10 replicate field populations of over 10 generations from summer to late fall. Adaptation was evident over each sampling interval (one to four generations), with exceptionally rapid phenotypic adaptation and large allele frequency shifts at many independent loci. The direction and basis of the adaptive response shifted repeatedly over time, consistent with the action of strong and rapidly fluctuating selection. Overall, we found clear phenotypic and genomic evidence of adaptive tracking occurring contemporaneously with environmental change, thus demonstrating the temporally dynamic nature of adaptation.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work. P.S. designed research. S.R., N.J.B., J.H., and P.S. conducted the experiment. T.Y. and S.T. prepared sequencing libraries. S.M.R., S.I.G., D.A.P., and P.S. analyzed data and wrote and revised the manuscript. Author contributions
ISSN:	0036-8075 1095-9203
DOI:	10.1126/science.abj7484