In Vivo Persistence of Human Rhinoviruses in Immunosuppressed Patients

Several species of the genus Enterovirus cause persistent infections in humans. Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are generally self-limiting but occasionally persistent infections have been described. This study aimed to identify persistent HRV infections and investigate the clinical and virologic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 12; no. 2; p. e0170774
Main Authors:	Engelmann, Ilka, Dewilde, Anny, Lazrek, Mouna, Batteux, Mathilde, Hamissi, Aminati, Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim, Hober, Didier
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 02-02-2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment Child Child, Preschool Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Common cold Cystic fibrosis Diabetes Enterovirus Enterovirus - genetics Enterovirus - immunology Enterovirus - isolation & purification Enterovirus Infections - immunology Enterovirus Infections - virology Female Health aspects Hematological diseases Humans Immunocompromised Host Immunosuppression Immunotherapy In vivo methods and tests Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Molecular Typing Pathogenesis Patients Pediatrics Persistent infection Phylogeny Picornaviridae Picornaviridae Infections - immunology Picornaviridae Infections - virology Polymerase chain reaction Research and Analysis Methods Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology Respiratory Tract Infections - virology Retrospective Studies Reverse transcription Rhinovirus Rhinovirus - genetics Rhinovirus - immunology Rhinovirus - isolation & purification Rhinoviruses RNA, Viral - genetics RNA, Viral - isolation & purification Stem cells Time Factors Viral infections Viruses Young Adult France
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Summary:	Several species of the genus Enterovirus cause persistent infections in humans. Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are generally self-limiting but occasionally persistent infections have been described. This study aimed to identify persistent HRV infections and investigate the clinical and virologic characteristics of patients with persistent infections. From January 2012 to March 2015, 3714 respiratory specimens from 2608 patients were tested for respiratory viruses by using a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A retrospective study was performed. Patients with at least two specimens positive for HRV/enterovirus taken 45 days or longer apart were identified and the HRV/enteroviruses were typed. Patients with persistent infection were compared to patients with reinfection and patients with cleared infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein(VP)4/VP2 region was performed. 18 patients with persistent HRV/enterovirus infection were identified. Minimum median duration of persistence was 92 days (range 50-455 days). All but one patients with persistence were immunosuppressed. Immunosuppression and hematologic disorders were more frequent in patients with persistence (n = 18) than in patients with reinfection (n = 33) and with cleared infection (n = 25) (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, this retrospective study identified HRV persistence in vivo which occurred mainly in immunosuppressed patients.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceptualization: IE.Formal analysis: IE.Funding acquisition: DH.Investigation: IE AD ML MB AH.Methodology: IE IY.Project administration: IE.Resources: IE AD IY DH.Supervision: IY DH.Validation: IE AD ML MB AH IY DH.Visualization: IE.Writing – original draft: IE.Writing – review & editing: AD ML IY DH. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0170774