Long-Term Prevalence and Demographic Trends in U.S. Adolescent Inhalant Use: Implications for Clinicians and Prevention Scientists

Background: Inhalant use by adolescents is cause for concern due to the early age of inhalant use initiation and the many short- and long-term health consequences that can occur concurrently with and subsequent to use. However, inhalant use research has been limited relative to the literature availa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Substance use & misuse Vol. 51; no. 3; pp. 343 - 356
Main Authors:	Halliburton, Amanda Elizabeth, Bray, Bethany Cara
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Informa Healthcare 23-02-2016 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:	Adolescent Adolescent Behavior - psychology Adolescents Age Factors Demographics Demography Demography - trends Drug abuse Drug use Early intervention epidemiology Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data Female Females Health health disparities Humans Inhalant Abuse - epidemiology Inhalants Initiation Male mixed-effects regression monitoring the future Prevalence Prevention Prevention programs Risk Risk Factors Sex Factors Social programs Teenagers Treatment programs Trends United States - epidemiology White people Youth United States > US Inhalants epidemiology health disparities monitoring the future adolescents mixed-effects regression
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Summary:	Background: Inhalant use by adolescents is cause for concern due to the early age of inhalant use initiation and the many short- and long-term health consequences that can occur concurrently with and subsequent to use. However, inhalant use research has been limited relative to the literature available on other drug use. Objectives: The present research examined long-term trends in inhalant use prevalence, demographic risk factors of inhalant use, and median grade level of first use. Methods: Monitoring the Future data from 1991 to 2011, which includes information drawn from United States eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders, were examined. The total sample comprised more than one million participants. Results were examined descriptively with figures and quantitatively with mixed-effects regression models of the effect of time on use rates. Results: Inhalant use prevalence rates generally declined over the selected period. Though rates of use by males and females decreased significantly, the proportion of females among lifetime users increased significantly. Whites, Hispanics, and members of uncategorized "other" ethnicities showed the highest prevalence rates. Although the proportion of Whites among lifetime users decreased significantly, the proportion of Hispanics and "other" ethnicities increased significantly. The median first use was between sixth and ninth grade. Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest a need to tailor inhalant use treatment and prevention programs to the needs of specific demographic groups and to target interventions early to prevent youth inhalant use. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1082-6084 1532-2491
DOI:	10.3109/10826084.2015.1110169