L-Arginine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in the offspring of diabetic rats through AKT and PDX-1 activation

Maternal hyperglycemia can result in defects in glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell function in offspring. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus on pancreatic islets, muscle and adipose tissue of the offspring, with or without oral l-Arginine supplem...

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Published in:	European journal of pharmacology Vol. 791; pp. 780 - 787
Main Authors:	Carvalho, Diego Soares, Diniz, Marilia Melo, Haidar, André Abour, Cavanal, Maria de Fátima, da Silva Alves, Eduardo, Carpinelli, Angelo Rafael, Gil, Frida Zaladek, Hirata, Aparecida Emiko
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-11-2016
Subjects:	Adipose Tissue - drug effects Adipose Tissue - metabolism Animals Arginine - pharmacology Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - pathology Enzyme Activation - drug effects Female Fetal programming Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism Insulin Insulin - metabolism Insulin Resistance Insulin Secretion Insulin-Secreting Cells - drug effects Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology l-Arginine Maternal diabetes Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism Mothers Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism NADPH Oxidase 2 NADPH Oxidases - metabolism Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis Pancreatic islets Phosphorylation - drug effects Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Rats Rats, Wistar Signal Transduction - drug effects Trans-Activators - metabolism Maternal diabetes l-Arginine Pancreatic islets Insulin Fetal programming
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Summary:	Maternal hyperglycemia can result in defects in glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell function in offspring. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus on pancreatic islets, muscle and adipose tissue of the offspring, with or without oral l-Arginine supplementation. The induction of diabetes was performed using streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Animals were studied at 3 months of age and treatment (sucrose or l-Arginine) was administered from weaning. We observed that l-Arg improved insulin sensitivity in the offspring of diabetic mothers (DA), reflected by higher insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt in muscle and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance is associated with increased oxidative stress and the NADPH oxidase enzyme plays an important role. Our results showed that the augmented interaction of p47PHOX with gp91PHOX subunits of the enzyme in skeletal muscle tissue in the offspring of diabetic rats (DV) was abolished after l-Arg treatment in DA rats. Maternal diabetes caused alterations in the islet functionality of the offspring leading to increased insulin secretion at both low (2.8mM) and high (16.7mM) concentrations of glucose. l-Arg reverses this effect, suggesting that it may be an important modulator in the insulin secretory process. In addition it is possible that l-Arg exerts its effects directly onto essential molecules for the maintenance and survival of pancreatic islets, decreasing protein expression of p47PHOX while increasing Akt phosphorylation and PDX-1 expression. The mechanism by which l-Arg exerts its beneficial effects may involve nitric oxide bioavailability since treatment restored NO levels in the pancreas.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0014-2999 1879-0712
DOI:	10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.001