Fully mass printed loudspeakers on paper

[Display omitted] ► Fully mass printed loudspeaker on paper. ► Piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) sandwiched between PEDOT:PSS electrodes. ► Polarization by stepwise contact poling. ► Sound pressure level suitable for real sound applications. We report on the first fully mass printed large-area piezoelectric...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Organic electronics Vol. 13; no. 11; pp. 2290 - 2295
Main Authors:	Hübler, Arved C., Bellmann, Maxi, Schmidt, Georg C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Gerlach, André, Haentjes, Christian
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01-11-2012 Elsevier
Subjects:	Applied sciences Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology Dielectric thin films Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties Exact sciences and technology Flexography Loudspeaker Materials science Metals. Metallurgy P(VDF-TrFE) PEDOT:PSS Physics Printed electronics Production techniques Surface treatment Surface treatments Paper Flexography P(VDF-TrFE) Printed electronics PEDOT:PSS Sound pressure level Loudspeaker Thiophene derivative polymer Vinylidene fluoride polymer Surface properties Piezoelectric thin films Cost lowering Trifluoroethylene copolymer Electrical characteristic Polymer blends Electrical properties Mechanical properties Polymer Surface treatment Serigraphy Electroacoustic transducer Acoustic properties Piezoelectric materials Vinylidene fluoride copolymer Styrenesulfonate polymer
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Summary:	[Display omitted] ► Fully mass printed loudspeaker on paper. ► Piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) sandwiched between PEDOT:PSS electrodes. ► Polarization by stepwise contact poling. ► Sound pressure level suitable for real sound applications. We report on the first fully mass printed large-area piezoelectric loudspeakers on paper. All functional layers were printed by means of flexography, alternatively screen and stencil printing, on conventional paper without any surface modification. We used polymers for the electrodes (poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate, PEDOT:PSS)) as well as the piezoelectric layer (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene), P(VDF-TrFE)). It could be demonstrated that low-cost devices for mass markets can be realized successfully with the developed technology and process. Besides technical challenges, electrical and acoustic properties of printed speakers are investigated, taking the mechanical properties of the substrate and size of the active piezoelectric area into account. A sound pressure level up to 80dB could be achieved.
ISSN:	1566-1199 1878-5530
DOI:	10.1016/j.orgel.2012.06.048