Search Results - "HOWARTH, ROBERT W."

How green is blue hydrogen? by Howarth, Robert W., Jacobson, Mark Z.

“…Hydrogen is often viewed as an important energy carrier in a future decarbonized world. Currently, most hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of methane in…”
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Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations by Howarth, Robert W, Santoro, Renee, Ingraffea, Anthony

“…We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by high-volume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions…”
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Nitrogen as the Limiting Nutrient for Eutrophication in Coastal Marine Ecosystems: Evolving Views over Three Decades by Howarth, Robert W., Marino, Roxanne

“…The first special volume of Limnology and Oceanography, published in 1972, focused on whether phosphorus (P) or carbon (C) is the major agent causing…”
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Methane emissions from fossil fuels: exploring recent changes in greenhouse-gas reporting requirements for the State of New York by Howarth, Robert W.

“…In 2019, New York State passed aggressive new climate legislation to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and laid out major changes for how emissions are…”
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A Century of Legacy Phosphorus Dynamics in a Large Drainage Basin by McCrackin, Michelle L., Muller‐Karulis, Bärbel, Gustafsson, Bo G., Howarth, Robert W., Humborg, Christoph, Svanbäck, Annika, Swaney, Dennis P.

“…There is growing evidence that the release of phosphorus (P) from “legacy” stores can frustrate efforts to reduce P loading to surface water from sources such…”
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Toward a better understanding and quantification of methane emissions from shale gas development by Caulton, Dana R., Shepson, Paul B., Santoro, Renee L., Sparks, Jed P., Howarth, Robert W., Ingraffea, Anthony R., Cambaliza, Maria O. L., Sweeney, Colm, Karion, Anna, Davis, Kenneth J., Stirm, Brian H., Montzka, Stephen A., Miller, Ben R.

“…The identification and quantification of methane emissions from natural gas production has become increasingly important owing to the increase in the natural…”
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Eutrophication of Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems by Smith, Val H., Joye, Samantha B., Howarth, Robert W.

“…Initial understanding of the links between nutrients and aquatic productivity originated in Europe in the early 1900s, and our knowledge base has expanded…”
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Reply to comment on “How Green is Blue Hydrogen?” by Howarth, Robert W., Jacobson, Mark Z.

“…In their comment on our 2021 paper “How Green is Blue Hydrogen,” Romano et al. purport to provide “a more balanced perspective on blue hydrogen, which is in…”
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Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife by Johnson, Pieter T.J, Townsend, Alan R, Cleveland, Cory C, Glibert, Patricia M, Howarth, Robert W, McKenzie, Valerie J, Rejmankova, Eliska, Ward, Mary H

“…Worldwide increases in human and wildlife diseases have challenged ecologists to understand how large-scale environmental changes affect host–parasite…”
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Anthropogenic Perturbations to the Atmospheric Molybdenum Cycle by Wong, Michelle Y., Rathod, Sagar D., Marino, Roxanne, Li, Longlei, Howarth, Robert W., Alastuey, Andres, Alaimo, Maria Grazia, Barraza, Francisco, Carneiro, Manuel Castro, Chellam, Shankararaman, Chen, Yu‐Cheng, Cohen, David D., Connelly, David, Dongarra, Gaetano, Gómez, Darió, Hand, Jenny, Harrison, R. M., Hopke, Philip K., Hueglin, Christoph, Kuang, Yuan‐wen, Lambert, Fabrice, Liang, James, Losno, Remi, Maenhaut, Willy, Milando, Chad, Monteiro, Maria Inês Couto, Morera‐Gómez, Yasser, Querol, Xavier, Rodríguez, Sergio, Smichowski, Patricia, Varrica, Daniela, Xiao, Yi‐hua, Xu, Yangjunjie, Mahowald, Natalie M.

“…Molybdenum (Mo) is a key cofactor in enzymes used for nitrogen (N) fixation and nitrate reduction, and the low availability of Mo can constrain N inputs,…”
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A system dynamics model for managing regional N inputs from human activities by Gao, Wei, Hong, Bongghi, Swaney, Dennis P., Howarth, Robert W., Guo, Huaicheng

“…•A system dynamics model (NANI-SD) coupling regional anthropogenic N inputs and socioeconomic drivers is developed for the first time.•Human dietary adjustment…”
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Comparison of production-phase environmental impact metrics derived at the farm- and national-scale for United States agricultural commodities by Costello, Christine, Xue, Xiaobo, Howarth, Robert W

“…Agricultural production is critical for human survival and simultaneously contributes to ecosystem degradation. There is a need for transparent, rapid methods…”
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Sources of Nutrient Pollution to Coastal Waters in the United States: Implications for Achieving Coastal Water Quality Goals by Howarth, Robert W., Sharpley, Andrew, Walker, Dan

“…Some 60% of coastal rivers and bays in the U. S. have been moderately to severely degraded by nutrient pollution. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)…”
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Natural gas: Should fracking stop? by Howarth, Robert W, Ingraffea, Anthony, Engelder, Terry

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Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts by Boyer, Elizabeth W., Howarth, Robert W., Galloway, James N., Dentener, Frank J., Green, Pamela A., Vörösmarty, Charles J.

“…We present an overview of riverine nitrogen flux calculations that were prepared for the International Nitrogen Initiative's current global assessment of…”
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New Gold Rush: Fueling Ethanol Production while Protecting Water Quality by Simpson, T.W, Sharpley, A.N, Howarth, R.W, Paerl, H.W, Mankin, K.R

“…Renewable fuel production, particularly grain-based ethanol, is expanding rapidly in the USA. Although subsidized grain-based ethanol may provide a…”
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Phosphorus in all its forms The Devil's Element: Phosphorus and a World Out of Balance Dan Egan Norton, 2023. 256 pp by Howarth, Robert W

“…Limited availability and unwanted effects render the mineral's future uncertain, despite its agricultural importance…”
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Ideas and perspectives: is shale gas a major driver of recent increase in global atmospheric methane? by Howarth, Robert W

“…Methane has been rising rapidly in the atmosphere over the past decade, contributing to global climate change. Unlike the late 20th century when the rise in…”
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Anthropogenic Nitrogen Sources and Relationships to Riverine Nitrogen Export in the Northeastern U.S.A by Boyer, Elizabeth W., Goodale, Christine L., Jaworski, Norbert A., Howarth, Robert W.

“…Human activities have greatly altered the nitrogen (N) cycle, accelerating the rate of N fixation in landscapes and delivery of N to water bodies. To examine…”
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A bridge to nowhere: methane emissions and the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas by Howarth, Robert W.

“…In April 2011, we published the first peer‐reviewed analysis of the greenhouse gas footprint (GHG) of shale gas, concluding that the climate impact of shale…”
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