Proteins from Modern and Ancient Wheat Cultivars: Impact on Immune Cells of Healthy Individuals and Patients with NCGS

Proteins from Modern and Ancient Wheat Cultivars: Impact on Immune Cells of Healthy Individuals and Patients with NCGS

In non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), the elimination of wheat results in a clear symptom improvement, but gluten has still not been proven as (the sole) trigger. Due to the increase in the prevalence of gluten-related diseases, the breeding of high-performance wheat cultivars is discussed as a t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 20; p. 4257
Main Authors: Dieterich, Walburga, Schuster, Charlotte, Gundel, Paulina, Scherf, Katharina A, Pronin, Darina, Geisslitz, Sabrina, Börner, Andreas, Neurath, Markus F, Zopf, Yurdagül
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-10-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Age
Albumin
Albumins
albumins/globulins
Analysis
Celiac disease
Cereals
Chemical properties
Cultivars
Fractions
Gene expression
Gliadin
Globulins
Gluten
Glutenin
Health aspects
immune stimulation
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Inflammation
Interleukin 6
Irritable bowel syndrome
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
NF-κB protein
Physiological aspects
Plant breeding
Plant proteins
Proteins
Stat3 protein
Stimulation
Wheat
Germany
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Summary:In non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), the elimination of wheat results in a clear symptom improvement, but gluten has still not been proven as (the sole) trigger. Due to the increase in the prevalence of gluten-related diseases, the breeding of high-performance wheat cultivars is discussed as a trigger. To analyze the immune stimulation and signal pathways, the immune cells of healthy subjects and patients with NCGS were stimulated with gliadins from wheat, and the expression and secretion of interleukin 1ß (IL1ß) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were studied. To determine the impact of wheat breeding, the monocyte cell line THP1 and human immune cells were stimulated with gliadin, glutenin, and albumin/globulin fractions of ancient and modern cereals, and expression of inflammatory molecules was checked. Immune cells of patients with NCGS showed an increased expression of IL1ß and IL6 after stimulation with gliadins compared to immune cells of healthy controls. Gliadins caused a strong activation of P-STAT3 in immune cells of healthy controls, and inhibitors of JAK and NFκB pathways considerably reduced this response. In addition to gliadins, we further showed that glutenins and albumin/globulins from all wheat cultivars from the last century, and especially from einkorn and spelt, also markedly induced the expression of inflammatory genes in THP1 and human immune cells. There was no correlation between enhanced immune stimulation and ancient or modern cultivars. This does not support the hypothesis that modern wheat breeding is responsible for the increase in gluten-related diseases. An altered immune situation is suggested in patients with NCGS.
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ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14204257