Neutral state colorless electrochromic polymer networks: Spacer effect on electrochromic performance

A series of carbazole-based monomers and their corresponding polymers with various spacer units were synthesized and coated onto ITO-glass surface via an electrochemical cross-linking process. All carbazole-based polymers exhibited multi-electrochromic behavior thanks to two separate oxidation proce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Polymer (Guilford) Vol. 55; no. 23; pp. 5998 - 6005
Main Authors:	Gulfidan, Damla, Sefer, Emre, Koyuncu, Sermet, Acar, Metin H.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 05-11-2014 Elsevier
Subjects:	Addition polymerization Applied sciences Backbone Carbazole Carbazoles Crosslinking Electrochromic polymers Electrochromism Exact sciences and technology Monomers Networks Organic polymers Physicochemistry of polymers Polymers with particular properties Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts Spacer effect Spacers Spacer effect Electrochromic polymers Carbazole Crosslinking Electrochromism Experimental study Redox polymer Styrene derivative polymer Free radical polymerization Acrylate polymer Response time Optical properties Preparation Carbazole derivative polymer Crosslinked polymer Electrochemical reaction
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Summary:	A series of carbazole-based monomers and their corresponding polymers with various spacer units were synthesized and coated onto ITO-glass surface via an electrochemical cross-linking process. All carbazole-based polymers exhibited multi-electrochromic behavior thanks to two separate oxidation processes. All materials were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, UV–vis, Florescence and CV. In addition, electrochromic properties of the cross-linked polymer films were investigated via spectro-electrochemical measurements. The colorless films were converted to yellowish green and greenish blue colors at the anodic regime. The results indicate that the spacer unit between the carbazole unit and the polymer backbone has a great impact on the optical and electrochemical properties and also on the electrochromic performance of these polymers. PVBEC with benzyloxy based spacer exhibits a high contrast ratio (ΔT% = 55 at 690 nm), a faster response time of about 2.1 s, a higher coloration efficiency (331 cm2 C−1) and a better stability (retains its performance by 94.3% even after 1000 cycles). [Display omitted] •Carbazole-based monomers with various spacer units and their polymers were synthesized.•Polymers were coated onto ITO-glass surface via an electrochemical cross-linking process.•The colorless films were converted to yellowish green and greenish blue colors by oxidation.•The spacer unit in the monomers were affected on the optical and electrochemical properties.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0032-3861 1873-2291
DOI:	10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.041