Current Situation of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Ecuador

Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is a zoonosis resulting from the fetal transmission of the obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii, transplacentally in pregnant women usually in the first trimester of pregnancy. This research consisted in the review of indexed articles made in the Ecuador in the pe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of community health Vol. 45; no. 1; pp. 170 - 175
Main Authors:	Velásquez Serra, G. C., Piloso Urgiles, L. I., Guerrero Cabredo, B. P., Chico Caballero, M. J., Zambrano Zambrano, S. L., Yaguar Gutierrez, E. M., Barrera Reyes, C. G.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01-02-2020 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adult Climatic conditions Community and Environmental Psychology Congenital diseases Ecuador Epidemiology Erythema Ethics Female Females Fetuses Fever Headache Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Health risk assessment Humans Meat Medicine Medicine & Public Health Oocysts Original Paper Parasites Pathology Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic Risk analysis Risk Factors Signs and symptoms Territory Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis, Congenital Womens health Young Adult Zoonoses Ecuador Congenital toxoplasmosis Territory Zoonosis Parasitosis
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Summary:	Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is a zoonosis resulting from the fetal transmission of the obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii, transplacentally in pregnant women usually in the first trimester of pregnancy. This research consisted in the review of indexed articles made in the Ecuador in the period between the years 2012 and 2017 with prevalence studies of the aforementioned pathology. The purpose of this collection was to determine the current situation of this disease in the Ecuadorian territory and, in addition, to recognize the risk factors involved, affected age groups, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and prevalence of the infection. Among the risk factors were the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, contact with feces of young cats and climatic conditions that stimulate the spread of oocysts, among others. Most affected ages by this disease fluctuate between 20 and 30 years. In 90% of the cases, the disease is asymptomatic or it may present adenopathies, maculo papular erythema, hepatosplenomegaly and other general signs such as fever, malaise, headache and myalgias. According to studies conducted with specific populations, it was established that the causative agent remains latent in first-trimester pregnant women from the provinces of Pichincha (71.4% of 140 pregnant women), Guayas (73% of 5683) and El Oro (16% of 250). The results of this research evidenced missing information in Ecuador, finding few and isolated studies regarding to this pathology. Therefore, it is concluded that an updated research should be conducted in order to elucidate the true epidemiological situation of congenital toxoplasmosis in Ecuador.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0094-5145 1573-3610
DOI:	10.1007/s10900-019-00729-3