Development and composition of the seeds of nine genotypes of the Medicago truncatula species complex

The seed development and composition of Medicago truncatula Gaertn., the new model plant for grain legumes, was studied using nine genotypes of the species complex: M. truncatula– Medicago littoralis ( M. truncatula). The seed development of M. truncatula was very similar to that of other legumes, t...

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Published in:	Plant physiology and biochemistry Vol. 43; no. 6; pp. 557 - 566
Main Authors:	Djemel, Nadia, Guedon, Delphine, Lechevalier, Arnaud, Salon, Christophe, Miquel, Martine, Prosperi, Jean-Marie, Rochat, Christine, Boutin, Jean-Pierre
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 01-06-2005 Elsevier
Subjects:	Amino acids Amino Acids - biosynthesis Biological and medical sciences Fatty acids Fatty Acids - biosynthesis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genotype Germination and dormancy Medicago truncatula Medicago truncatula - growth & development Medicago truncatula - metabolism Nitrogen - analysis Oligosaccharides Oligosaccharides - biosynthesis Plant physiology and development Plant Proteins - metabolism Seed composition Seed development Seeds - growth & development Seeds - metabolism Starch - biosynthesis Storage proteins Suc Medicago truncatula C18:3 Seed composition C18:2 C18:1 C18:0 DAF Amino acids Oligosaccharides Fatty acids Storage proteins DW Seed development ANOVA M. truncatula Frc C16:0 RFO FA TAG Glc Embryonic development Seeds Starch Seed production Genomics Vicia faba Fatty acids: Medicago Iruncatula Leguminosae Dicotyledones Aminoacid Angiospermae Spermatophyta
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Summary:	The seed development and composition of Medicago truncatula Gaertn., the new model plant for grain legumes, was studied using nine genotypes of the species complex: M. truncatula– Medicago littoralis ( M. truncatula). The seed development of M. truncatula was very similar to that of other legumes, the only notable exception being the presence, in the mature seed, of an endosperm layer that is absent in grain legumes. During early embryogenesis and until mid-maturation, transient storage of starch occurred in the seed coat and embryo. This temporary storage probably contributed to the early development of the embryo and reserve synthesis. During maturation the synthesis and accumulation of proteins and oil took place at quasi-constant rates. Conversely oligosaccharides, mainly stachyose, were synthesised only during late maturation and at the beginning of desiccation. Proteins represented the major class of storage compounds and their average amino acid composition was found to be very close to that of pea and robust in various environmental conditions. Similar compositions between the two species and other grain legumes were also found for the fatty acids and the soluble sugars; most of these characters varied depending on the various environmental conditions used for seed production. All these similarities fully justify the use of M. truncatula as a model plant for genomic approaches to grain legume improvement. The major difference between M. truncatula seeds and European grain legume seeds resides in the nature of their carbon storage namely triacylglycerides for M. truncatula and starch for pea and faba bean.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0981-9428 1873-2690
DOI:	10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.04.005