Cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors in transitional rural communities in tropical coastal Ecuador

There is a growing epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries, often attributed to urbanization, although there are limited data from marginalized rural populations. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 19; no. 7; p. e0307403
Main Authors:	Gualan, Monsermin, Ster, Irina Chis, Veloz, Tatiana, Granadillo, Emily, Llangari-Arizo, Luz M, Rodriguez, Alejandro, Critchley, Julia A, Whincup, Peter, Martin, Miguel, Romero-Sandoval, Natalia, Cooper, Philip J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 18-07-2024 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adipose tissue Adolescent Adult Adults Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Agrarian society Anthropometry Blood pressure Body fat Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cholesterol Coastal zone Communicable diseases Consent Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Dextrose Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology Ecuador Ecuador - epidemiology Environmental impact Epidemics Ethnicity Exercise Farmworkers Female Glucose Glycosylated hemoglobin Health risks Hemoglobin Humans Hypertension Hypertension - epidemiology Insulin Latin America Lipids Male Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine, Experimental Meetings Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology Middle Aged People and places Population studies Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Risk Factors Rural areas Rural communities Rural Population - statistics & numerical data Rural populations Triglycerides Type 2 diabetes Urbanization Womens health Young Adult Ecuador Latin America United States > US Japan Germany
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Summary:	There is a growing epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries, often attributed to urbanization, although there are limited data from marginalized rural populations. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors in transitional rural communities. A cross-sectional study of Montubio adults aged 18-94 years living in agricultural communities in a tropical coastal region of Ecuador. Data were collected by questionnaires and anthropometry, and fasting blood was analyzed for glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, and lipid profiles. Population-weighted prevalences of diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were estimated. Associations between potential risk factors and outcomes were estimated using multilevel regression techniques adjusted for age and sex. Out of 1,010 adults recruited, 931 were included in the analysis. Weighted prevalences were estimated for diabetes (20.4%, 95% CI 18.3-22.5%), hypertension (35.6%, 95% CI 29.0-42.1%), and metabolic syndrome (54.2%. 95% CI 47.0-61.5%) with higher prevalence observed in women. Hypertension prevalence increased with age while diabetes and metabolic syndrome peaked in the 6th and 7th decades of life, declining thereafter. Adiposity indicators were associated with diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. We observed an unexpectedly high prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in these marginalized agricultural communities. Transitional rural communities are increasingly vulnerable to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases. There is a need for targeted primary health strategies to reduce the burden of premature disability and death in these communities.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0307403