Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection

Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection

To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers. Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from P...

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Published in:Microbes and infection Vol. 24; no. 4; p. 104979
Main Authors: Doke, Purwa, Gothankar, Jayshree Sachin, Doke, Prakash Prabhakarrao, Kulkarni, Milind Madhukar, Khalate, Kiran Kishanrao, Shrivastava, Shubham, Patil, Jayesh Rangrao, Arankalle, Vidya Avinash
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01-06-2022
Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
Subjects:
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
BMI
Comorbidities
COVID-19
Female
Humans
India - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Neutralizing antibodies
Original
Reinfection
Severity
India
COVID-19
Severity
Comorbidities
Reinfection
Neutralizing antibodies
BMI
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Summary:To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers. Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from Pune, India were included and followed up (clinical and serologic) for varied periods. IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Spike protein-based ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb, PRNT) were determined in all the samples. Of the 100 patients enrolled initially (median 60 days of diagnosis), follow up samples were collected from 70 patients (median 106 days of diagnosis). Overall, NAb titers reduced significantly (p < 0.001) and as early as 3–4 months. During two visits, 20% and 7.1% patients reported some symptoms. At the first visit, NAb titers were higher in patients with severe disease (p < 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.005), age <50 years (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified older age (p < 0.001), duration post-diagnosis and female gender as independent variables influencing NAb titers (negative correlation, p < 0.05). During the follow-up, reduction in NAb titers was recorded in patients with comorbidity (p < 0.05), mild disease (p < 0.05), age <50 years (p < 0.05), higher BMI (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.001). Serology identified six cases of asymptomatic reinfections. Decline of NAb titers was associated with age <50 years, mild disease, comorbidities, higher BMI and male gender. At the time of follow up, 8/70 (11.4%) patients lacked neutralizing antibodies. Evidence of 6 probable asymptomatic reinfections suggests waning of immunity, but, probable protection from clinical disease needing hospitalization.
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ISSN:1286-4579
1769-714X
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104979