MS Sunshine Study: Sun Exposure But Not Vitamin D Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Blacks and Hispanics

Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels vary by race/ethnicity. We examined the consistency of beneficial effects of 25OHD and/or sun exposure for MS risk across multiple racial/ethnic groups. We recruited incident MS cases and controls (blacks 116 cases/131 co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 3; p. 268
Main Authors:	Langer-Gould, Annette, Lucas, Robyn, Xiang, Anny H, Chen, Lie H, Wu, Jun, Gonzalez, Edlin, Haraszti, Samantha, Smith, Jessica B, Quach, Hong, Barcellos, Lisa F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 27-02-2018 MDPI
Subjects:	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Adult Alleles Black or African American Black People blacks Body Mass Index California - epidemiology Case-Control Studies Dietary Supplements Ethnic factors Ethnicity Exposure Female Genotyping Techniques Hispanic or Latino Hispanic people Hispanics Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - metabolism Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - blood Multiple Sclerosis - ethnology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Radiation effects Radiation measurement Risk Risk Factors Risk reduction Sun sun exposure Sunlight Ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet Rays Vitamin D Vitamin D - administration & dosage Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - complications Vitamin D Deficiency - ethnology Vitamin deficiency White People Young Adult California sun exposure multiple sclerosis vitamin D Hispanics blacks
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Summary:	Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels vary by race/ethnicity. We examined the consistency of beneficial effects of 25OHD and/or sun exposure for MS risk across multiple racial/ethnic groups. We recruited incident MS cases and controls (blacks 116 cases/131 controls; Hispanics 183/197; whites 247/267) from the membership of Kaiser Permanente Southern California into the MS Sunshine Study to simultaneously examine sun exposure and 25OHD, accounting for genetic ancestry and other factors. Higher lifetime ultraviolet radiation exposure (a rigorous measure of sun exposure) was associated with a lower risk of MS independent of serum 25OHD levels in blacks (adjusted OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31-0.83; = 0.007) and whites (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48-0.94; = 0.020) with a similar magnitude of effect that did not reach statistical significance in Hispanics (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42-1.04; = 0.071). Higher serum 25OHD levels were associated with a lower risk of MS only in whites. No association was found in Hispanics or blacks regardless of how 25OHD was modeled. Lifetime sun exposure appears to reduce the risk of MS regardless of race/ethnicity. In contrast, serum 25OHD levels are not associated with MS risk in blacks or Hispanics. Our findings challenge the biological plausibility of vitamin D deficiency as causal for MS and call into question the targeting of specific serum 25OHD levels to achieve health benefits, particularly in blacks and Hispanics.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2072-6643 2072-6643
DOI:	10.3390/nu10030268