Diabetes Affects Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Older Residents of Long-term Care Facilities: Data From the GeroCovid Vax Study

Diabetes Affects Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Older Residents of Long-term Care Facilities: Data From the GeroCovid Vax Study

Type 2 diabetes may affect the humoral immune response after vaccination, but data concerning coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines are scarce. We evaluated the impact of diabetes on antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in older resid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes care Vol. 45; no. 12; pp. 2935 - 2942
Main Authors: Virgilio, Enrico, Trevisan, Caterina, Abbatecola, Angela, Malara, Alba, Palmieri, Annapina, Fedele, Giorgio, Stefanelli, Paola, Leone, Pasqualina, Schiavoni, Ilaria, Maggi, Stefania, Volpato, Stefano, Antonelli Incalzi, Raffaele, Onder, Graziano
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Diabetes Association 01-12-2022
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Antibody response
Antidiabetics
Chemiluminescence
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Diet
Evaluation
Female
Health services
Humans
Humoral immunity
Hypoglycemic Agents
IgG antibody
Immune response
Immune response (humoral)
Immune system
Immunoglobulin G
Insulin
Insulin, Regular, Human
Long term health care
Long-Term Care
Male
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Research design
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viral diseases
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Summary:Type 2 diabetes may affect the humoral immune response after vaccination, but data concerning coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines are scarce. We evaluated the impact of diabetes on antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and tested for differences according to antidiabetic treatment. For this analysis, 555 older residents of LTCFs participating in the GeroCovid Vax study were included. SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S immunoglobulin G (anti-S IgG) concentrations using chemiluminescent assays were tested before the first dose and after 2 and 6 months. The impact of diabetes on anti-S IgG levels was evaluated using linear mixed models, which included the interaction between time and presence of diabetes. A second model also considered diabetes treatment: no insulin therapy (including dietary only or use of oral antidiabetic agents) and insulin therapy (alone or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents). The mean age of the sample was 82.1 years, 68.1% were women, and 25.2% had diabetes. In linear mixed models, presence of diabetes was associated with lower anti-S IgG levels at 2 (β = -0.20; 95% CI -0.34, -0.06) and 6 months (β = -0.22; 95% CI -0.37, -0.07) after the first vaccine dose. Compared with those without diabetes, residents with diabetes not using insulin had lower IgG levels at 2- and 6-month assessments (β = -0.24; 95% CI -0.43, -0.05 and β = -0.30; 95% CI -0.50, -0.10, respectively), whereas no differences were observed for those using insulin. Older residents of LTCFs with diabetes tended to have weaker antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. Insulin treatment might buffer this effect and establish humoral immunity similar to that in individuals without diabetes.
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ISSN:0149-5992
1935-5548
1935-5548
DOI:10.2337/dc22-1255